Smart Parks OpenCollar Edge: LoRaWAN uplink and downlink protocol

Implementation-ready specification compiled on 2026-09-03 from the public Smart Parks repositories, the Smart Parks wiki and the firmware source. Applies to every device that runs the OpenCollar Edge firmware (smartparks-opencollar-edge-fw): CollarEdge (38 mm, 50 mm, Free, Pico, Nano), RangerEdge, FenceEdge / Fence Monitor (RangerEdge hardware plus fence board), ElephantEdge and WisentEdge (RangerEdge hardware, selectable firmware type), RhinoEdge Cube, RhinoEdge Puck35 and Puck50, ScannerEdge, HorseEdge, BaboonEdge, PangolinEdge. All of these share one protocol; the device type only changes which features are enabled and which hardware/firmware type codes appear in the status message.

Contents: 0 sources, 1 framing conventions, 2 port and message id table, 3 uplink layouts per port, 4 downlinks (settings, commands, values, full settings table), 5 decoder sources verbatim, 6 example payloads, 7 version conventions, 8 gaps and questions for the maintainer.

0. Sources and provenance

Source	What it gave	Commit or date
https://github.com/SmartParksOrg/smartparks-opencollar-edge-fw-public (default branch main)	Firmware C source (message builders, downlink parser, flash log store), scripts/ttn_decoder.js, scripts/settings/settings.json, generated headers app/src/settings/generated_settings/*.h, module READMEs, CHANGELOG	commit 73fa4de0b831dac488c82398a215524186c003b6, 2026-04-10, firmware 7.3.0 (CHANGELOG [7.3.0] - 2026-04-09)
https://github.com/SmartParksOrg/raw_logs_decoder	ttn_decoder-v6.11.2.js, -v6.14.0.js, -v6.15.1.js, -v7.2.0.js, field-meta.json, raw log file handling	commit 9b10e024397ca85488a14e0175732c64ca7ac6ee, 2026-07-08, app version v1.43
https://github.com/SmartParksOrg/smartparks-toolset	ChirpStack v4 decoders CSv4_Decoder_OpenCollar_Edge_v4.4.3.js, _v6.1.2.js, _v6.5.0.js; legacy (pre-Edge) OpenCollar decoders and encoders	commit bb98fb81a633e320154d6ac5f4e36606d403e26e, 2024-07-27
https://github.com/SmartParksOrg/lorawan-devices	TTN device repository entry for first generation OpenCollar (firmware 2.6, not Edge): vendor/smart-parks/opencollar-v26.js, profile yaml	commit 0b9139c69e760f930a668df90c2df99a0f102424, 2021-07-08
https://github.com/SmartParksOrg/lorawan-device-profiles	ChirpStack device profile repository fork; contains no Smart Parks or OpenCollar entry	commit 28fa4cb446d6879154389f41ab9b3514bf1f1d30, 2025-11-11
https://github.com/SmartParksOrg/smartparks-connect-web	Go service that encodes settings/commands downlinks for ChirpStack and RockBLOCK (utils/bytes.go, web/chirpstack.go), settings templates 2.10, 2.15, 3.2	commit 2a279a1f0a569ef4f7ffc1c626c469b3fce519e8, 2023-12-13
https://github.com/SmartParksOrg/ble-settings-app	Web BLE settings app; settings/settings-v*.json per firmware release (4.4.2 to 7.2.0), device-version-notes.json, raw flash log download	cloned 2026-09-03
https://github.com/SmartParksOrg/smartparks-lp0-replay-app, smartparks-lp0-platform	Semtech UDP JSONL replay and decode tools; bundle ttn_decoder-v6.15.3.js	cloned 2026-09-03
https://github.com/SmartParksOrg/smartparks-*-master (collaredge_38mm_50mm, rangeredge, rhinoedge_puck35, rhinoedge_puck50, rhinoedge_cube, elephantedge, wisentedge, fence_monitor, collaredge_free, collaredge_pico)	Only README, BOM, ASM, CHANGELOG and pictures. They contain no decoders, Node-RED flows or payload documentation; they link to the (private) IRNAS repositories	cloned 2026-09-03
https://wiki.smartparks.org/devices/opencollar/lorawan_messages	Port table, one worked example (hex, base64, decoded JSON) per uplink port	fetched 2026-09-03
https://wiki.smartparks.org/devices/opencollar/settings-and-commands	Downlink format, flag bitmask explanation, many hex/base64 downlink examples	fetched 2026-09-03
https://wiki.smartparks.org/devices/opencollar/features, /firmware, /satellite	Feature descriptions, BLE advertisement format, flash storage sizing, RockBLOCK downlink framing, firmware release status	fetched 2026-09-03

Not reachable: https://github.com/IRNAS/gitbook-opencollar (404, private), https://irnas.gitbook.io/opencollar/ (401), https://github.com/IRNAS/smartparks-opencollar-edge-fw (private upstream of the public mirror), smartparks-connect-app, smartparks-provisioning-software (private).

Where the firmware source and the JavaScript decoder disagree, this document says so explicitly and treats the firmware as authoritative for what is on the air.

1. Framing conventions shared by every message

1.1 Uplink frame

Every application uplink is one LoRaWAN FRMPayload on an FPort in 1 to 33. The FPort identifies the message type. The payload is:

byte 0      msg_id      one byte message identifier (0x90 to 0xFF, see table in section 2)
byte 1      len         number of data bytes that follow (does not count the two header bytes)
byte 2..    data        len bytes, little-endian multi-byte integers unless stated otherwise

MESSAGE_HEAD_LEN is 2 (app/src/threads/definitions.h). The firmware calls len "payload length"; the GPS README states explicitly: "Payload length does not include the space used for the first two bytes (message id and payload length)". The wiki "Length" column counts the header, so for example the port 2 message is "32" in the wiki (2 header + 30 data) and len on the air is 0x1E.

Exceptions to the two byte header:

• FPort 29 (flash log read) carries no header at all; it is a plain concatenation of stored records, each of which begins with its own port byte (section 3.29).
• FPort 3 (settings readback) and FPort 30 (values readback) carry a sequence of id, len, value triples with no message id in front (sections 3.3 and 3.30).

Over Bluetooth, over the RockBLOCK satellite link and in flash storage the same frame is prefixed by one extra byte holding the port (MESSAGE_HEAD_LEN_BT is 3): [port][msg_id][len][data]. That is why the raw log files produced by the BLE app and read by raw_logs_decoder start with a port byte.

1.2 Byte order and types

• Multi-byte integers are little-endian (memcpy of native nRF52 values). Latitude, longitude and altitude are signed int32. Timestamps are unsigned uint32 Unix seconds. Floats (air quality) are IEEE 754 binary32 little-endian.
• Exceptions: the CMDQ record fields raw temperature, impedance and HRV (port 15) are big-endian because they are copied verbatim from the cardiac monitor's BLE advertisement; and the course over ground in port 2 is written little-endian by the firmware but read big-endian by the decoder (see 3.2). The BLE scan timestamps (ports 7 and 11) are written byte by byte but are still little-endian (byte idx+5 is the least significant).
• The firmware's own decoder (Decoder(bytes, port)) is the reference for scaling. Since firmware 6.13.0 it applies >>> 0 to every unsigned multi-byte field; earlier decoders produced negative numbers when bit 31 was set (CHANGELOG 6.13.0: "Fix TTN decoder's multi-byte unsigned variables being interpreted as signed").

1.3 Which messages are actually sent, stored or relayed

Four uint32 bitmask settings decide, per port, what happens with a produced message. Bit n-1 corresponds to FPort n (bit 0 is port 1). All are sent as ordinary settings on FPort 3 (id 04 <4 bytes LE>).

Setting	ID	Default (fw 7.3.0)	Ports enabled by default
lr_send_flag (send over LoRaWAN)	0x0C	4162715375 = 0xF81DFEEF	see generated table in section 4.4
flash_store_flag (store to external flash)	0x0D	876143 = 0x000D5E6F	see section 4.4
sat_send_flag (queue for RockBLOCK)	0x39	16522 = 0x0000408A	see section 4.4
lp0_send_flag (send over LP0 raw LoRa)	0x88	0	none
lr_join_flag (attempt rejoin before sending)	0x22	0	none
lr_confirm_flag (send as confirmed uplink)	0x23	0	none (since 6.2.0 status messages are unconfirmed by default)

The wiki documents older defaults (lr_send_flag 0xFC00066F, flash_store_flag 0x0400066F); the values differ per firmware release, so always read settings.json of the release in use.

Message production itself is driven by interval settings (for example ublox_send_interval 0x02, status_send_interval 0x03). An interval of 0 disables the producer.

1.4 Maximum payload

The firmware buffers are 255 bytes (MAX_BUF_SIZE), but the LoRaWAN stack (Semtech LoRa Basics Modem on LR1110/LR1120) reports the current maximum FRMPayload for the data rate and the firmware trims variable length messages (scan results, satellite lists, flash logs) to fit. Fixed layout messages are never split. For EU868 at DR0 that is 51 bytes, which is why the wiki says a real-time BLE scan message is at most 52 bytes and why the wiki lists "252" as the maximum for variable messages (250 data + 2 header, the maximum at DR5 and above).

1.5 LoRaWAN parameters

• OTAA, class A, LoRaWAN 1.0.x, Semtech LoRa Basics Modem. Device joins on boot and after rejoin_interval (0x35, default 3600 s). The join request is followed by a status uplink on FPort 4.
• ADR profile setting lr_adr_profile (0x57): 0 network controlled, 1 mobile long range, 2 mobile low power, 3 custom (default). lr_adr (0x0E) holds the fixed data rate 0 to 15 used with the custom profile.
• lr_region (0x0F) selects the frequency plan, values 1 to 13. The wiki lists the supported plans in this order: EU868, US915, AU915, WW2.4 GHz, AS923 group 1, 2, 3, 4, IN865, KR920, RU864, CN470, CN470 RP1.0. The numeric mapping is not published; 1 is EU868 (default).
• Downlinks are accepted on FPort 3 (settings), 32 (commands), 28 (messaging), 33 (LP0 commands). Firmware 6.9.0 limited processing to 3 queued downlinks per receive window.
• A downlink that requests data is answered with an uplink on the natural port of the requested message (status on 4, values on 30, settings on 3, position on 31, flash logs on 29). A command that produces no data is acknowledged with a command confirmation on FPort 31 (section 3.31).

2. Port and message identifier table

Generated from scripts/settings/settings.json and app/src/settings/generated_settings/messages_def.h (firmware 7.3.0). len is the fixed data length where the message has one; 250 means variable, up to the LoRaWAN maximum.

FPort	Port name	Direction	msg_id	Message name	Fixed data len	Decoder function (ttn_decoder v7.2.0)
1	port_lr_gps	up	0xF1	msg_gnss (LR11xx GNSS NAV payload)	variable	decodeGNSSMessage
2	port_ublox_gps	up	0xF2	msg_ublox_location	30	decodeUbloxLocationMessage
3	port_settings	down and up	(none, TLV)	settings write (down), settings readback (up)	variable	not decoded
4	port_status	up	0xF4	msg_status	14	decodeStatusMessage
5	port_lr_sat_data	up	0xF5	msg_lr_satellites	variable	decodeLRSatellitesMessage
6	port_wifi_scan_aggregated	up	0xF7	msg_wifi_scan_aggregated	variable	decodeScanMessage
7	port_ble_scan_aggregated	up	0xF9	msg_ble_scan_aggregated	variable	decodeScanMessage
8	(removed in 7.1.0)	up	0xFB	msg_rf_scan (RF scanner, firmware 4.x to 6.16)	variable	decodeRfScannerMessage (decoders up to 6.15.3 only)
9	port_ublox_sat_data	up	0xF6	msg_ublox_satellites	variable	decodeUbloxSatellitesMessage
10	port_wifi_scan	up	0xF8	msg_wifi_scan (single scan)	variable	decodeScanMessage
11	port_ble_scan	up	0xFA	msg_ble_scan (single scan)	variable	decodeLastScanMessage
12	port_fence	up	0x92	msg_fence	6	decodeFence
13	port_ublox_short_message	up	0x93	msg_ublox_location_short	14	decodeUbloxLocationMessageShort
14	port_flash_status	up	0x94	msg_flash_status	5	decodeFlashStatusMessage
15	port_ble_cmdq	up	0xFC	msg_ble_cmdq (cardiac monitor Q)	variable, 15 per record	decodeBluetoothCMDQMessage
16	port_ublox_resend_location	up	0x95	msg_ublox_resend_location (same layout as 13)	14	decodeUbloxLocationMessageShort
17	(removed in 7.1.0)	up	(n/a)	RF open sky detection (firmware 6.x)	variable	decodeOpenSkyDetection (decoders up to 6.15.3 only)
18	port_timestamp	up	0x97	msg_timestamp	4	decodeTimestamp
19	port_external_switch_detection	up	0x98	msg_external_switch_detection	5	decodeExternalSwitchMessage
20	port_external_switch_detection_status	up	0x99	msg_external_switch_detection_status	5	decodeExternalSwitchStatusMessage
21	port_air_quality	up	0x9A	msg_air_quality (RangerEdge AirQ build only)	20, 25 or 45	decodeAirQualityMessage
22	port_lp0_ping	LP0 only	0x9B	msg_lp0_ping	14	not decoded
27	port_memfault	up	0x91	msg_memfault_chunks	variable	decodedMemfault
28	port_lr_messaging	up and down	0x90 (0xF0 with timestamp)	msg_lr_messaging	variable	decodeDeviceMessage
29	port_flash_log	up	0xFF (not on the air)	msg_read_flash	variable, records	decodeReadFlashMessage
30	port_values	up	(none, TLV)	values readback	variable	not decoded
31	port_messages	up	0xF3 / 0xFD / 0xFE	msg_cmd_confirm (2) / msg_mac_id (6) / msg_last_position (16)	2 / 6 / 16	decodeLastPosition (0xFE only)
32	port_commands	down	(none, TLV)	commands	variable	n/a
33	port_lp0_commands	LP0 only	0x9C	msg_lp0_commands, also used for the LP0 discovery ping	variable	n/a
199	(legacy)	up		Modem-E info message, disabled by default since 6.2.0		n/a

3. Uplink message layouts

Offsets below are absolute byte offsets in the FRMPayload (offset 0 is msg_id, offset 1 is len), matching the index used by the JavaScript decoders. "u8/u16/u32" are unsigned, "i32" signed, all little-endian unless stated.

3.1 FPort 1, msg 0xF1: LR11xx GNSS NAV message

Source: communication.c prv_compose_message_lr_gnss, gnss.c gnss_get_last_nav_data.

Offset	Size	Field	Notes
0	1	msg_id	0xF1
1	1	len	number of NAV bytes (nav_result_size)
2	1	NAV destination/status byte	the decoder skips it ("Skip first byte"); it is the LR11xx NAV message first byte
3	len-1	NAV payload	opaque Semtech GNSS NAV message, hex string in decoder output nav_payload; to be solved with LoRa Cloud (Semtech) GNSS solver, not on the device

Error values the wiki documents for the NAV result: 0x07 no satellites found, 0x08 almanac too old. Interval setting lr_gps_interval (0x01, default 0 = disabled). Command cmd_send_lr_fix (0xAE) triggers one scan. One message per scan; there is no multi-record form.

3.2 FPort 2, msg 0xF2: u-blox GNSS position (standard)

Source: communication.c prv_get_message_ublox_position, gps_ublox_interface.cpp, app/src/gps_ublox/README.md. Sent on every ublox_send_interval (0x02) whether or not the fix succeeded ("Standard message will be sent regardless if fix is invalid"). Total 32 bytes on the air.

Offset	Size	Type	Field	Scaling and meaning
0	1	u8	msg_id	0xF2
1	1	u8	len	0x1E (30)
2	1	u8	success	bit 0 = fix obtained (1) or not (0). In builds with outdoor detection (PangolinEdge) bit 1 = outdoor detection status. Decoder reports the whole byte as success
3	1	u8	hot_retry	hot fix attempt counter
4	1	u8	cold_retry	cold fix attempt counter
5	2	u16	ttf	time to fix, seconds
7	4	i32	latitude	degrees * 1e7 (u-blox native). Decoder: value / 1e7
11	4	i32	longitude	degrees * 1e7
15	4	i32	altitude	millimetres (u-blox height above ellipsoid or MSL as delivered by SparkFun library getAltitude). Decoder: value / 1000 = metres
19	1	u8	fixType	u-blox fix type: 0 no fix, 1 dead reckoning, 2 2D, 3 3D, 4 GNSS+DR, 5 time only
20	1	u8	SIV	satellites in view used
21	2	u16	h_acc_est	horizontal accuracy estimate in metres (u-blox hAcc in mm divided by 1000)
23	1	u8	pDOP	u-blox pDOP (0.01 units) divided by 100, integer
24	4	u32	fix_timestamp	Unix seconds of the fix (from u-blox time). In an empty message from outdoor detection this is the device clock instead
28	1	u8	active_t	1 if ublox_active_tracking (0x2B) is on, else 0. Bytes 29 to 31 are only filled when it is 1
29	2	u16	scaled_cog	course over ground: firmware writes (heading_1e-5deg / 1000) + 18000 little-endian with memcpy, i.e. hundredths of a degree plus 18000. Decoder computes ((bytes[29] << 8 | bytes[30]) - 18000) / 100 which reads it big-endian. This is a decoder bug; treat the field as u16 LE, degrees = (value - 18000) / 100
31	1	u8	scaled_sog	speed over ground in m/s (u-blox mm/s / 1000, truncated to u8). Decoder multiplies by 3.6 and reports sog in km/h; field-meta.json labels it m/s, which is wrong for the decoder output

Worked example (wiki): f21e0100001000e6a40d1f97100e03a0cb000003082f00048c61686500000000 decodes to latitude 52.0987878, longitude 5.1253399, altitude 52.128, success 1, hot_retry 0, cold_retry 0, ttf 16, fixType 3, SIV 8, h_acc_est 47, pDOP 4, fix_time 1701339532, active_t 0.

3.3 FPort 3: settings readback (uplink) and settings write (downlink)

Uplink on FPort 3 is the response to cmd_send_all_settings (0xA7) or cmd_send_single_setting (0xA8). Source: settings_interface.c prv_cmd_send_all_settings / prv_cmd_send_single_setting.

repeated:   setting_id (1)   length (1)   value (length bytes, LE, type per settings.json)

There is no message id. For cmd_send_all_settings the firmware fills one message up to the maximum payload and then, when it runs over Bluetooth, sends further messages and finally a command confirmation; over LoRaWAN only the first chunk is guaranteed (CHANGELOG 6.9.0: "Add sending all settings in multiple messages over Bluetooth"). The downlink format on FPort 3 is identical (section 4.1). No published decoder parses FPort 3 uplinks for Edge devices; the legacy d_opencollar_* decoders that handle port 3 belong to the first generation trackers, not to Edge.

3.4 FPort 4, msg 0xF4: status message

Source: status.h statusData_t (packed, 14 bytes), status.c status_update. Sent every status_send_interval (0x03, default 3600 s), after every join attempt, on cmd_send_status (0xA4) and cmd_send_status_lr (0xAD), and it is the payload of the BLE advertisement (manufacturer data 0x0A61 followed by these 14 bytes). Total 16 bytes on the air.

Offset	Size	Field	Encoding
0	1	msg_id	0xF4
1	1	len	0x0E (14)
2	1	reset	NRF_POWER->RESETREAS & 0x0F: bit 0 reset pin, bit 1 watchdog, bit 2 software request (also DFU and cmd_reset), bit 3 CPU lockup. 0 = power on
3	1	err	error bits: bit 0 LR11xx module error, bit 1 BLE error, bit 2 u-blox error, bit 3 accelerometer error, bit 4 battery error (below critical level), bit 5 u-blox fix failed, bit 6 flash error, bit 7 u-blox busy (not decoded)
4	1	bat	battery voltage: (mV - 2500) / 10, 0 when below 2500 mV. Decode bat_mV = byte * 10 + 2500. Saturates at 5050 mV
5	1	operation	bit 0 unread LR message waiting (msg), bit 1 PIN protection active (locked), bit 2 LoRaWAN join error (err_lr_join), bits 4 to 7 number of satellites seen in the last LR11xx GNSS scan (lr_sat, 0 to 15)
6	1	temp	MCU/accelerometer temperature, float in range -100 to +100 mapped to 0 to 255: byte = (t + 100) * 255 / 200. Decode t = byte * 200 / 255 - 100 degrees C
7	1	uptime	days since boot, k_uptime / 86400000, u8 (wraps after 255 days); hours before firmware 4.0.1 (CHANGELOG 4.0.1, 2023-04-11: "display uptime in days instead of hours"), wrapping after 255 hours
8	1	acc_x	LIS2DW12 X acceleration, m/s^2, same -100..+100 mapping as temp
9	1	acc_y	as above
10	1	acc_z	as above (about -10 when Z points up, see wiki example)
11	1	hw_ver	hardware version, high nibble major, low nibble minor (0x14 = 1.4)
12	1	fw_ver	firmware version, high nibble major, low nibble minor (0x44 = 4.4). Minor versions 16 and above (6.16.x) do not fit and appear modulo 16; the patch version is never sent
13	1	type	high nibble firmware (tracker) type, low nibble hardware type, enumerations in section 6.2 (0x55 = rangeredge_tracker on rangeredge hardware)
14	1	chg	charging input voltage: 0 if below 5000 mV, else (mV - 5000) / 100. Decode chg_mV = byte * 100 + 5000 when byte > 0, else 0
15	1	features	bit 0 satellite (RockBLOCK) enabled, bit 1 RF scanner enabled (removed in 7.1.0), bit 2 fence enabled, bits 4 to 7 current RockBLOCK retry count (sat_try, max 15)

Decoder v7.2.0 also emits version = "v" + fw_major + "." + fw_minor.

Worked example (wiki): f40e0400a00095007f7f721444550000 decodes to reset 4, bat 4100, chg 0, temp 16.86, uptime 0, acc_x -0.39, acc_y -0.39, acc_z -10.59, lr_sat 0, all err_* 0, ver_fw 4.4, ver_hw 1.4, ver_hw_type 5, ver_fw_type 5, sat_support 0, sat_try 0, rf_scan 0, fence 0.

The accelerometer values here are the only accelerometer data sent over LoRaWAN by the released firmware. The LIS2DW12 FIFO capture added in 6.14.0 (accel_movement_data_fifo_enabled 0x73, accel_odr_hz 0x74, accel_g_scale 0x75) is not emitted as a LoRaWAN message in the public source; the opencollar-acc-calculator repository sketches a future motion summary payload (timestamp u32, ODBA/VeDBA i16 in mg, and so on) but no firmware or decoder implements it.

3.5 FPort 5, msg 0xF5: LR11xx satellite list

Source: communication.c prv_compose_message_lr_satellites, gnss.c gnss_get_last_sat_data. Sent after an LR GNSS scan when gnss_assisted_scan/lr_sat_data debug setting (0x09) is on, or on cmd_get_lr_satellite_data (0xB4).

Offset	Size	Field
0	1	msg_id 0xF5
1	1	len = 1 + 2 * n_sat
2	1	n_sat (satellites detected)
3 + 2i	1	satellite id (Semtech SV id)
4 + 2i	1	C/N0 (cnr) in dB

Decoder emits N_sat, numbered objects 1..n with id, cnr, and N_reported (records that fitted).

3.6 FPort 6 (aggregated, msg 0xF7) and FPort 10 (single scan, msg 0xF8): Wi-Fi scan results

Source: wifi_scan_data.c compose_message_wifi_scan_results, communication.c. Interval settings wifi_scan_interval (0x19) and wifi_scan_aggregated_interval (0x1A). Records are sorted by count (aggregated) and the aggregate is limited to the top results (wiki: top 3).

Offset	Size	Field
0	1	msg_id 0xF7 (port 6) or 0xF8 (port 10)
1	1	len = 1 + 9 * records
2	1	N_wifi_res: number of distinct access points seen (may exceed the records included)
3 + 9i	3	first three octets of the BSSID (WIFI_SCAN_MAC_ADDRESS_STORE_LENGTH = 3, mac[0..2] in transmission order). The decoder prints them reversed as mac[2]:mac[1]:mac[0] without zero padding
6 + 9i	1	rssi + 128 (decode byte - 128 dBm)
7 + 9i	1	count (times seen since last aggregate)
8 + 9i	4	timestamp u32 LE, Unix seconds of the last sighting

Empty result messages are only sent when wifi_scan_report_zero_connections_found (0x48) is true. Wi-Fi scanning needs RangerEdge, CollarEdge or CollarEdge Free hardware.

3.7 FPort 7, msg 0xF9: BLE scan aggregated

Source: bt_scan.c compose_message_bt_scan_results (SINGLE_BT_SCAN_RESULT_LEN 9, BT_SCAN_SEND_MAX_RES 5). Same 9 byte record as Wi-Fi:

Offset	Size	Field
0	1	msg_id 0xF9
1	1	len = 1 + 9 * records
2	1	N_BT_res: number of distinct devices in the buffer (up to BT_SCAN_MAX_RES 20)
3 + 9i	3	bt_addr.val[0..2], the three least significant octets of the BLE address (Zephyr stores addresses little-endian, so these are the last three octets as printed). Decoder prints val[2]:val[1]:val[0]
6 + 9i	1	best_rssi + 128
7 + 9i	1	counter (sightings)
8 + 9i	4	best_timestamp u32 LE (Unix seconds of the strongest sighting)

At most 5 records are included (BT_SCAN_SEND_MAX_RES). The buffer is cleared after composing. Interval ble_scan_aggregated_interval (0x1D); filter ble_scan_filter (0x1E: 0 none, 1 Smart Parks manufacturer id 0x0A61, 2 configured ble_scan_manufacturer_id 0x72, 3 phones).

3.8 FPort 9, msg 0xF6: u-blox satellite list

Source: communication.c prv_get_message_ublox_satellites, gps.c gps_get_sat_data. Sent with every fix when debug setting gps_sat_data (0x0A) is true, or on cmd_get_ublox_satellite_data (0xB5).

Offset	Size	Field
0	1	msg_id 0xF6
1	1	len = 1 + 6 * records
2	1	N_sat
3 + 6i	1	satellite id (PRN)
4 + 6i	1	C/N0 (cn0) dB
5 + 6i	1	elevation, degrees
6 + 6i	2	azimuth u16 LE, degrees
8 + 6i	1	constellation: 1 GPS, 2 GLONASS, 3 combined, 4 Galileo, 5 BeiDou

3.9 FPort 11, msg 0xFA: BLE single scan (real time)

Source: bt_scan.c compose_and_send_single_scan_result_message, compose_message_bt_scan_result_single_scan (SINGLE_BT_SCAN_SHORT_LEN 4, BT_SCAN_RES_HEAD_LEN 6). Interval ble_scan_interval (0x1C), duration ble_scan_duration (0x1B, ms).

Offset	Size	Field
0	1	msg_id 0xFA
1	1	len = 4 + 1 + 4 * records
2	4	scan timestamp u32 LE, Unix seconds when the scan finished (t)
6	1	N_BT_res: records in this message
7 + 4i	3	bt_addr.val[0..2] (see 3.7)
10 + 4i	1	rssi + 128

Up to 20 devices per scan. If more results exist than fit one LoRaWAN payload, the firmware composes further messages: they are all stored to flash but only the first one is transmitted over LoRaWAN (res_idx == 0). Note the decoder key for the count is N_BT_res and it also uses the scan time as t.

3.10 FPort 12, msg 0x92: electric fence measurement

Source: app/src/sensors/fence_port/fence/README.md, fence.c. RangerEdge hardware 1.6.0 and later with the FenceEdge board; fence_enabled (0x3F), fence_interval (0x40, seconds), fence_sampling_length (0x41, s), fence_mv_scaling_factor (0x42). Also on cmd_fence_measure (0xC8).

Offset	Size	Field
0	1	msg_id 0x92
1	1	len 0x06
2	1	success: 0 measurement ok, 1 power up failed, 2 no pulse free interval detected before timeout, 3 ADC error, 4 other
3	1	N: pulse count during the sampling window
4	2	voltage u16 LE: average peak voltage in volts (measured mV times fence_mv_scaling_factor / 1000; README says "average peak voltage in V")
6	2	energy u16 LE: average pulse energy, arbitrary units

Example (wiki): 9206000000000000 = success 0, N 0, voltage 0, energy 0.

3.11 FPort 13, msg 0x93 (and FPort 16, msg 0x95): u-blox short position

Source: communication.c prv_get_message_ublox_short, prv_get_message_ublox_resend_short. Port 13 is sent only after a successful fix (alongside port 2, subject to flags). Port 16 is the periodic resend of the last known position every gps_resend_interval (0x0A). Total 16 bytes.

Offset	Size	Type	Field
0	1	u8	msg_id 0x93 (port 13) or 0x95 (port 16)
1	1	u8	len 0x0E (14)
2	4	u32	fix_timestamp, Unix seconds of the last valid fix (last_position_time value 0xE9)
6	4	i32	latitude, degrees * 1e7
10	4	i32	longitude, degrees * 1e7
14	2	u16	h_acc_est, metres

Example (wiki): 930ef9636865aba50d1f8e090e031500 = fix_timestamp 1701340153, latitude 52.0988075, longitude 5.1251598, h_acc_est 21.

3.12 FPort 14, msg 0x94: flash status

Source: app/src/flash/README.md. Periodic every flash_status_interval (0x43, default 0 = off since 6.12.0), or on cmd_get_flash_status (0xB3).

Offset	Size	Field
0	1	msg_id 0x94
1	1	len 0x05
2	1	percentage of flash used (0 to 100)
3	4	n_msg u32 LE: number of messages stored in flash

Example (wiki): 94050010000000 = percentage 0, n_msg 16.

3.13 FPort 15, msg 0xFC: cardiac monitoring device Q (CMDQ) results

Source: bt_cmdq_messaging.c, app/src/bt_module/bt_cmdq/README.md. One record per received BLE advertisement of the configured CMDQ MAC (cmdq_searched_mac_address 0x4D); reporting interval cmdq_reporting_interval (0x4E). Record length 13 bytes in firmware 6.1 to 6.8, 15 bytes since 6.9.0 (HRV added). Decoder v6.5.0 assumes 13, decoders 6.9.0 and later assume 15. The record is a 4 byte timestamp followed by the "important data" bytes copied verbatim from the CMDQ advertisement, so field byte order is the CMDQ device's (big-endian).

Offset in record	Size	Field	Decode
0	4	cmdq_timestamp u32 LE (Unix seconds of the sighting)
4	1	rr_median	R-R interval median, tens of ms
5	1	rr_median_modesum
6	1	activity_average
7	1	activity_max
8	1	active_min_in_last_hour
9	2	raw_temperature, big-endian (byte 9 high, byte 10 low)	temperature C = raw * 0.0248 - 18.09; cmdq_success = 1 when raw > 0
11	2	h_impedance, big-endian
13	2	hrv_raw, big-endian (since fw 6.9.0)	cmdq_hrv = sqrt(hrv_raw)

Frame: FC len records... with len = 15 * n. Empty report FC 00 when cmdq_report_zero_messages_to_be_sent (0x50) is on. The meaning of the CMDQ "important data" is documented only in the private IRNAS issue #389.

3.14 FPort 18, msg 0x97: device timestamp

Response to cmd_send_timestamp (0xCE, since 6.9.0). 97 04 <u32 LE Unix seconds from get_global_unix_time()>. Useful to check the clock that stamps flash records.

3.15 FPort 19, msg 0x98 and FPort 20, msg 0x99: external switch

Source: app/src/sensors/fence_port/external_switch/README.md (since 6.13.0; RangerEdge fence port). Both are 7 bytes.

Port 19, state change (immediate): 98 05 [activity u8: 1 became active, 0 became inactive] [duration_ms u32 LE: length of the activity or inactivity period that just ended].

Port 20, periodic status every external_switch_detection_reporting_interval (0x81): 99 05 [state u8] [count u32 LE]. When state is 0 or 1 the count is the number of inactive to active transitions in the interval (num_of_active_detections). When state is 2 the device is in impulse counter mode (external_switch_counter_enabled 0x85) and the count is impulse_count.

3.16 FPort 21, msg 0x9A: air quality (RangerEdge AirQ special firmware)

Source: ttn_decoder.js decodeAirQualityMessage, app/src/sensors/air_quality/README.md. Data are IEEE 754 float32 little-endian.

BMV080 block (25 bytes): pm2_5_mass, pm1_mass, pm10_mass (ug/m3), pm2_5_num, pm1_num, pm10_num (particles/cm3), then is_obstructed u8. BME690 block (20 bytes): IAQ index, temperature C, pressure Pa, relative humidity, raw gas resistance ohm.

The decoder branches on len: len < 27 and > 2: BME690 block only at offset 2; len == 27: BMV080 block only at offset 2; 27 < len < 48: BMV080 at offset 2 then BME690 at offset 27; len == 2 or len > 47: no data. (These thresholds imply the firmware counts the header in len for this message: 25 + 2 = 27 and 45 + 2 = 47; settings.json gives the message length as 47.)

3.17 FPort 22, msg 0x9B: LP0 ping and FPort 33: LP0 commands

LP0 (firmware 7.2.0) is a raw LoRa mode with LoRaWAN ABP framing used for offloading flash logs to a local "offload station"; it is not sent to the LoRaWAN network server. The discovery ping actually sent by lp0_offload.c prv_lp0_discovery_ping_send uses FPort 33 with payload 03 0E [last_position_time u32][lat i32][lon i32] (msg_id byte is written as 0x03, not 0x9B). Downlinks on FPort 33 are LP0 commands (lp0_command_parser: byte 0 command type, LP0_CMD_SET_MODE takes one mode byte). Experimental; ignore for a LoRaWAN integration.

3.18 FPort 27, msg 0x91: Memfault chunks

91 len <opaque Memfault chunk bytes>. Forward the bytes to Memfault; nothing to decode. Interval memfault_send_interval (0x34, default 0).

3.19 FPort 28, msg 0x90: device to server text message (LR messaging)

Source: lr_messaging.c, decoder decodeDeviceMessage. Queued by cmd_send_lr_message (0xC4, up to 46 bytes of text) and retried per lr_messaging_retry_interval (0x31) and lr_messaging_retry_count (0x32).

Offset	Size	Field
0	1	msg_id 0x90
1	1	len = msg_len + 3
2	1	msg_len
3	msg_len	message bytes (ASCII)
3 + msg_len	1	seq (message sequence number)
4 + msg_len	1	retry (attempt number)

Example (wiki): 900d0a736d6172747061726b730101 = len 13, msg_len 10, msg "smartparks", seq 1, retry 1. A msg_id 0xF0 variant (msg_lr_messaging_timestamp) exists in the message table for a timestamped form, but no decoder handles it. Downlinks on FPort 28 are stored as incoming messages for the BLE app (handle_lora_recv routes them to lr_messaging_store_incoming); the status message bit msg then goes to 1 and value n_mes (0xEB) counts them.

3.20 FPort 29: flash log read (history records with embedded timestamps)

This is the message that carries older records with their own device timestamps inside a later uplink.

Source: flash_interface.c prv_flash_store_message (store), prv_read_messages_from_head and prv_read_block (read), prv_send_payload (send), decoder decodeReadFlashMessage.

Storage record format in external flash (written when a message's port bit is set in flash_store_flag):

port (1)   msg_id (1)   len (1)   data (len bytes, the message exactly as it would go on the air)   timestamp (4, u32 LE)

• The timestamp is get_global_unix_time() at the moment the record is stored, in Unix seconds (epoch 1970-01-01 UTC). It is the device clock, which is derived from the last u-blox fix time (the wiki example shows store timestamps 7 to 9 s after fix_timestamp), from init_time (setting 0x07, default 1606314575) plus uptime before any fix, or from cmd_set_location_and_time (0xAF). It is therefore only as good as the device clock; for position records prefer the fix_timestamp inside the record.
• FLASH_HEAD_SIZE = 3 (port, id, len), TIMESTAMP_SIZE = 4, so a record costs len + 7 bytes (the wiki's "37 bytes" for a port 2 message and "21 bytes" for status).
• Flash is a FIFO ring; oldest records are overwritten when full (4 MB, 16 MB or 32 MB depending on PCB).

On-air format of the FPort 29 uplink: records are concatenated back to back with no message id and no length prefix:

[port id len data... ts(4)] [port id len data... ts(4)] ...

The firmware appends records to a payload buffer and flushes it when the next record would not fit the current maximum LoRaWAN payload (prv_check_payload_send), so the number of records per uplink is floor(max_payload / (len + 7)): 10 records of a port 13 message (23 bytes each) in the wiki example (230 bytes at DR5), 1 record of a 32 byte port 2 message at DR0 (51 bytes), 2 at DR3 (115 bytes). Over LoRaWAN reads are done in batches of 6 messages (FLASH_READ_NUM_OF_MESSAGES_PER_BATCH), and the flash thread waits for an internal confirmation carrying the new maximum payload length before composing the next uplink.

Decoder algorithm (decodeReadFlashMessage): i = 0; while (i < bytes.length - 7) { port = bytes[i]; len = bytes[i+2]; msg = bytes.slice(i+1, i+len+3) /* id, len, data */; i += len + 3; ts = u32le(bytes, i); i += 4; record = { data: port == 29 ? {} : Decoder(msg, port), port, timestamp: ts } }. Output keys are "1", "2", ... (ChirpStack variants name the port field fPort).

Requests (downlink on FPort 32):

• BB 01 <port>: cmd_flash_get_all (0xBB), all stored records of one port (0 = all ports; over LoRaWAN the firmware reads them in batches).
• BC 0C <port u32 LE> <start u32 LE> <count u32 LE>: cmd_flash_get_from_head (0xBC), count records of port starting start records back from the newest (head). start 0 and count N returns the newest N. Firmware 4.4.2 to 6.15.x had a bug where the start index was shifted by the requested count (fixed in 7.1.0; ble-settings-app/device-version-notes.json).
• BA 00: cmd_flash_clear (0xBA).
• Responses to these commands end with a command confirmation on FPort 31.

Worked example (wiki, hex 0D930E3C636865FCA10D1F7D160E030C00436368650D930EF9636865...): first record port 0x0D (13), id 0x93, len 0x0E, data 3C636865 FCA10D1F 7D160E03 0C00 (fix 1701339964, lat 52.0987132, lon 5.1254909, h_acc 12), store timestamp 43636865 = 1701339971.

The same record stream also appears in the raw log .txt files exported by the BLE web app: each line is one BLE notification frame, base64 encoded, beginning with the port byte 29 (0x1D) followed by the records; raw_logs_decoder strips the first byte as port and passes the rest to Decoder(bytes, port).

3.21 FPort 30: values readback

Response to cmd_send_all_val (0xA2) or cmd_send_single_val (0xA3 with one byte value id). Same TLV format as FPort 3: value_id (1) length (1) value (length bytes LE) repeated, no message id. Value ids 0xD0 to 0xEF (table in section 4.3). Floats (lis2_acc_*, mcu_temp) are 4 byte IEEE 754 LE. No published decoder parses FPort 30.

3.22 FPort 31: predefined response messages

Three messages share this port; distinguish them by msg_id.

msg 0xF3 msg_cmd_confirm (source thread_com.c compose_response_msg), 4 bytes: F3 02 <cmd_id> <status> where status 1 = executed, 0 = error. Sent after commands that return no data (reset GPS, flash clear, flash reads finished, settings write actions, and so on).

msg 0xFD msg_mac_id, 8 bytes: FD 06 <6 byte BLE MAC, val[0..5]>, response to cmd_get_mac (0xB7).

msg 0xFE msg_last_position, 18 bytes, response to cmd_send_position (0xA5):

Offset	Size	Type	Field (firmware order)
0	1		msg_id 0xFE
1	1		len 0x10
2	4	i32	longitude, degrees * 1e7 (gps_lon)
6	4	i32	latitude, degrees * 1e7 (gps_lat)
10	4	i32	altitude, mm (gps_alt)
14	4	u32	fix_time, Unix seconds (last_position_time)

The firmware (prv_cmd_send_position) writes longitude first and latitude second. The decoder (decodeLastPosition) and the wiki snippet read bytes 2 to 5 as latitude and 6 to 9 as longitude, so they swap the two. Trust the firmware order.

3.23 Legacy ports 8, 17 and 199

Port 8 (msg 0xFB, RF scanner, firmware 4.x to 6.16): FB len version(1) should_alert(1) [start_MHz*10 u16 LE, stop_MHz*10 u16 LE, peak_count u8, max_rssi (negated) u8] * n. Port 17 (open sky detection, 6.x): len then pairs of average_rssi, max_rssi as negated u8. Both removed in firmware 7.1.0 and absent from decoder 7.2.0; decoders 6.15.x still contain them. Port 199 was the Modem-E info message, disabled by default since 6.2.0.

4. Downlink commands and settings

4.1 Settings write (FPort 3)

Source: settings_interface.c parse_settings_message and prv_execute_message; wiki settings-and-commands page.

repeated:  setting_id (1)   length (1)   value (length bytes, little-endian)

• Several settings may be stacked in one downlink; the parser loops until the payload is consumed. A length larger than the setting's defined length is rejected; the value is range checked against min/max and rejected silently if invalid (logged only).
• Types (conversion): uint8, uint16, uint32, int8, int16, int32 little-endian; bool one byte 0/1; byte_array raw bytes (keys, MAC, PIN); string ASCII padded to the declared length; float IEEE 754 LE (only used for values, not settings).
• The new value is written to NVS immediately. Some settings trigger an action (for example fence_enabled updates the status feature bit, ble_adv restarts advertising) and may return a confirmation on FPort 31.
• Settings can also be written with a length of 0 to execute the "message of zero length" path; only meaningful for commands.
• Example (wiki): set ublox_send_interval to 3600 s: 02 04 10 0E 00 00 (base64 AgQQDgAA). Set status_send_interval to 1800 s: 03 04 08 07 00 00 (AwQIBwAA).

4.2 Commands (FPort 32)

repeated:  cmd_id (1)   length (1)   argument bytes (length bytes, little-endian)

A command with no argument is cmd_id 00. Responses go to the channel the command arrived on; over LoRaWAN that means an uplink on the natural port (see table). Commands and settings must not be mixed in one downlink because the port selects the parser.

Command table (firmware 7.3.0, commands_def.h and settings.json):

ID	Name	Arg len	Argument and response
0xA0	cmd_join	0	Rejoin the LoRaWAN network. Response: status uplink on FPort 4 after join
0xA1	cmd_reset	0	Reboot the device (sys_reboot). No response
0xA2	cmd_send_all_val	0	Response: all values as TLV on FPort 30
0xA3	cmd_send_single_val	1	arg: value id (0xD0..0xEF). Response: id len value on FPort 30
0xA4	cmd_send_status	0	Response: status message on FPort 4 to the requesting channel
0xA5	cmd_send_position	0	Response: msg_last_position 0xFE on FPort 31
0xA6	cmd_reset_gps	0	Power cycle the u-blox module. Response: cmd confirm on FPort 31
0xA7	cmd_send_all_settings	0	Response: settings TLV on FPort 3 (first chunk over LoRaWAN)
0xA8	cmd_send_single_setting	1	arg: setting id. Response: id len value on FPort 3
0xA9	cmd_reset_initial_position	1	arg: 1 byte. Reset stored reference position to gps_init_lon/lat
0xAA	cmd_reset_initial_time	0	Reset device clock from init_time setting
0xAB	cmd_clear_nvs	0	Erase all stored settings (factory reset of NVS)
0xAC	cmd_reset_to_def_settings	0	Restore settings.json defaults
0xAD	cmd_send_status_lr	0	Force a status uplink over LoRaWAN regardless of origin
0xAE	cmd_send_lr_fix	0	Perform LR11xx GNSS scan now. Response: FPort 1 (and 5)
0xAF	cmd_set_location_and_time	12	arg: lon i32 (deg*1e7), lat i32, unix time u32, 12 bytes LE. Seeds assisted GNSS and the clock
0xB1	cmd_get_wifi_scan	0	Perform Wi-Fi scan now. Response: FPort 10 (and 6)
0xB2	cmd_get_ble_scan	0	Perform BLE scan now. Response: FPort 11
0xB3	cmd_get_flash_status	0	Response: FPort 14
0xB4	cmd_get_lr_satellite_data	0	Response: FPort 5
0xB5	cmd_get_ublox_satellite_data	0	Response: FPort 9
0xB6	cmd_almanac_update	250	arg: up to 250 bytes, stacked 20 byte almanac chunks (byte 0 of each chunk is the SV id, 128 = header; update executes when header received)
0xB7	cmd_get_mac	0	Response: msg_mac_id 0xFD on FPort 31
0xB8	cmd_get_ublox_fix	0	Perform u-blox fix now. Response: FPort 2 (fixed for LoRaWAN in 6.4.0)
0xB9	cmd_reset_lr	0	Reset the LR11xx modem
0xBA	cmd_flash_clear	0	Erase flash log. Response: cmd confirm FPort 31
0xBB	cmd_flash_get_all	1	arg: port (0 = all). Response: FPort 29 records, then cmd confirm
0xBC	cmd_flash_get_from_head	12	arg: port u32, start u32, count u32 (12 bytes LE). Response: FPort 29 records, then cmd confirm
0xBD	cmd_s_band_send	0	Send status and short position over S-band (RangerEdge 1.7+ only)
0xBE	cmd_set_operation_mode_com_th	1	arg: mode byte for the communication thread (debug)
0xBF	cmd_disable_flash_th	0	Disable the flash thread
0xC0	cmd_disable_bt_th	0	Disable Bluetooth
0xC1	cmd_set_operation_mode_main_th	1	arg: mode byte for the main thread (debug)
0xC2	cmd_check_pin	16	arg: 16 bytes (PIN or AppKey) to unlock a PIN protected device (BLE use)
0xC3	cmd_set_hibernation_mode	0	Enter hibernation (everything off until magnet). Wiki: C3 00, base64 wwA=
0xC4	cmd_send_lr_message	46	arg: up to 46 ASCII bytes, queued as FPort 28 uplink (msg 0x90)
0xC5	cmd_read_all_lr_messages	0	Deliver stored incoming messages (BLE use)
0xC6	cmd_send_sat_buffer	0	Flush the RockBLOCK send buffer now (adds a status message if empty)
0xC7	cmd_lp0_command	1	arg: 1 byte LP0 command (experimental)
0xC8	cmd_fence_measure	1	arg: 1 byte. Perform fence measurement now. Response: FPort 12
0xC9	cmd_aggregated_bt_scan	0	Compose and send BLE aggregated message now. Response: FPort 7
0xCA	cmd_single_bt_scan	0	Perform BLE scan now. Response: FPort 11
0xCB	cmd_bt_disconnect	0	Drop the current BLE connection
0xCC	cmd_send_bt_cmdq_results	0	Send latest CMDQ results. Response: FPort 15
0xCD	cmd_decouple_collar	0	CollarEdge drop-off: powers the P3 connector for 5 s. Wiki: CD 00
0xCE	cmd_send_timestamp	0	Response: msg_timestamp 0x97 on FPort 18

Commands present in older firmware and in the wiki but not in 7.3.0: cmd_get_rf_scan 0xB0 and cmd_pause_rf_scan 0xC7 (RF scanner, removed 7.1.0; 0xC7 is now cmd_lp0_command). The pre-Edge trackers used a different command port (99) with single byte commands 0xAB reset, 0xDE rejoin, 0xAA send settings (see legacy encoders in section 5.6).

4.3 Values readable with cmd_send_single_val / cmd_send_all_val (FPort 30)

ID	Name	Len	Type	Meaning
0xD0	reset_reason	4	uint32	NRF_POWER RESETREAS register
0xD1	gps_lon	4	int32	last fix longitude deg*1e7
0xD2	gps_lat	4	int32	last fix latitude deg*1e7
0xD3	gps_alt	4	int32	last fix altitude mm
0xD4	lis2_acc_x	4	float	m/s^2
0xD5	lis2_acc_y	4	float	m/s^2
0xD6	lis2_acc_z	4	float	m/s^2
0xD7	batt_mV	4	int32	battery mV
0xD8	ublox_time	4	uint32	last u-blox time (unix)
0xD9	lr_satellites	1	uint8	satellites in last LR scan
0xDA	mcu_temp	4	float	degrees C
0xDB	charge_mV	4	int32	charging input mV
0xDC	gps_h_acc_est	2	uint16	m
0xE8	flash_nr_msg	4	uint32	records in flash
0xE9	last_position_time	4	uint32	unix time of last valid fix
0xEA	last_accel_int_time	4	uint32	unix time of last accelerometer interrupt
0xEB	n_mes	1	uint8	unread incoming LR messages
0xEC	almanac_age	2	uint16	days since GPS epoch 2019-04-07 (wiki)
0xED	factory_device_name	8	string	8 ASCII bytes
0xEF	satellite_resend_try	1	uint8	current RockBLOCK retry

4.4 Complete settings table (FPort 3), firmware 7.3.0

Defaults, ranges and types from scripts/settings/settings.json at commit 73fa4de. Intervals are seconds unless the name says ms or hz. ble-settings-app/settings/settings-v*.json holds the same table for each earlier release (4.4.2, 5.0.1, 6.8.1 to 7.2.0); ids are stable across releases, new ids are appended, removed features leave gaps (0x3C to 0x3E, 0x51, 0x53 to 0x56, 0x58 to 0x5E, 0x6F to 0x71 were RF scan, open sky and satellite settings).

ID	Name	Len	Type	Default	Min	Max
0x00	tracker_type	1	uint8	0	0	15
0x01	lr_gps_interval	4	uint32	0	0	86400
0x02	ublox_send_interval	4	uint32	0	0	172800
0x03	status_send_interval	4	uint32	3600	1	86400
0x04	satellite_send_interval	4	uint32	86400	0	86400
0x05	gps_init_lon	4	int32	156447700	-1800000000	1800000000
0x06	gps_init_lat	4	int32	465556280	-900000000	900000000
0x07	init_time	4	uint32	1606314575	1606314575	4294967295
0x08	ble_adv	1	bool	True	False	True
0x09	gnss_assisted_scan	1	bool	False	False	True
0x0A	gps_resend_interval	4	uint32	0	0	86400
0x0B	data_log	1	bool	True	False	True
0x0C	lr_send_flag	4	uint32	4162715375	0	4294967295
0x0D	flash_store_flag	4	uint32	876143	0	4294967295
0x0E	lr_adr	1	uint8	3	0	15
0x0F	lr_region	1	uint8	1	1	13
0x10	app_key	16	byte_array	{0x8B,0xCD,0x49,0x42,0x11,0x67,0xDD,0x03,0xBA,0xD3,0xAE,0xEA,0x98,0xEF,0xE4,0x09}
0x11	device_eui	8	byte_array	{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00}
0x12	app_eui	8	byte_array	{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00}
0x13	horizontal_accuracy	4	uint32	50	1	1000
0x14	cold_fix_retry	1	uint8	200	1	255
0x15	hot_fix_retry	1	uint8	4	1	255
0x16	cold_fix_timeout	2	uint16	200	1	600
0x17	hot_fix_timeout	2	uint16	65	1	600
0x18	ble_advertisement_interval	4	uint32	500	100	10000
0x19	wifi_scan_interval	4	uint32	0	0	86400
0x1A	wifi_scan_aggregated_interval	4	uint32	0	0	86400
0x1B	ble_scan_duration	4	uint32	600	50	10000
0x1C	ble_scan_interval	4	uint32	0	0	86400
0x1D	ble_scan_aggregated_interval	4	uint32	0	0	86400
0x1E	ble_scan_filter	1	uint8	1	0	3
0x1F	ble_auto_disconnect	4	uint32	600	0	86400
0x20	s_band_send_interval	4	uint32	0	0	604800
0x21	device_name	8	string	``
0x22	lr_join_flag	4	uint32	0	0	4294967295
0x23	lr_confirm_flag	4	uint32	0	0	4294967295
0x24	lr_max_confirm_fail	2	uint16	0	0	1000
0x25	gps_backoff_factor	1	uint8	10	10	100
0x26	ublox_send_interval_2	4	uint32	0	0	86400
0x27	ublox_interval1_start	1	uint8	11	0	23
0x28	ublox_min_fix_time	1	uint8	5	0	30
0x29	ublox_multiple_intervals	1	bool	False	False	True
0x2A	device_pin	4	byte_array	{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00}
0x2B	ublox_active_tracking	1	bool	False	False	True
0x2C	led_enabled	1	bool	True	False	True
0x2D	motion_ths	1	uint8	6	0	63
0x2E	enable_motion_trig_gps	1	bool	False	False	True
0x2F	gps_triggered_interval	4	uint32	60	0	86400
0x30	gps_skipped_triggered_interval	1	uint8	5	0	255
0x31	lr_messaging_retry_interval	4	uint32	60	0	86400
0x32	lr_messaging_retry_count	1	uint8	1	1	5
0x33	ublox_leave_on	1	uint8	15	0	60
0x34	memfault_send_interval	4	uint32	0	0	86400
0x35	rejoin_interval	4	uint32	3600	600	86400
0x36	check_error_interval	4	uint32	86400	0	2678400
0x37	gnss_constellation_to_use	1	uint8	3	1	3
0x38	ublox_min_satellites_timer	1	uint8	30	5	255
0x39	sat_send_flag	4	uint32	16522	0	4294967295
0x3A	satellite_enabled	1	bool	False	False	True
0x3B	satellite_retry	1	uint8	10	1	15
0x3F	fence_enabled	1	bool	False	False	True
0x40	fence_interval	4	uint32	60	0	604800
0x41	fence_sampling_length	2	uint16	10	1	60
0x42	fence_mv_scaling_factor	4	uint32	100000	100	1000000
0x43	flash_status_interval	4	uint32	0	0	604800
0x44	lp0_app_key	16	byte_array	{0xEC,0x7F,0x38,0x0E,0x7A,0xDF,0xB2,0xE5,0xC9,0xBB,0xDE,0x5A,0xC2,0x16,0x94,0xA8}
0x45	lp0_network_key	16	byte_array	{0xDB,0x7E,0x27,0x26,0xCF,0xF5,0x8C,0x13,0x3A,0x07,0xB5,0xA1,0xB4,0x00,0xE1,0xD0}
0x46	lp0_dev_addr	4	byte_array	{0x26,0x0B,0xF6,0xEF}
0x47	ble_scan_report_zero_connections_found	1	bool	False	False	True
0x48	wifi_scan_report_zero_connections_found	1	bool	False	False	True
0x49	cmdq_enabled	1	bool	False	False	True
0x4A	cmdq_scan_duration	4	uint32	10000	1	10000
0x4B	cmdq_search_interval	4	uint32	300	1	10000
0x4C	cmdq_on_no_detection_wait_duration	4	uint32	1800	1	10000
0x4D	cmdq_searched_mac_address	6	byte_array	{0xD8,0x10,0x68,0xAC,0xDA,0xE4}
0x4E	cmdq_reporting_interval	4	uint32	300	1	10000
0x4F	s_band_rf_frequency_hz	4	uint32	2008450000	1980000000	2100000000
0x50	cmdq_report_zero_messages_to_be_sent	1	bool	False	False	True
0x52	ublox_interval2_start	1	uint8	19	0	23
0x57	lr_adr_profile	1	uint8	3	0	3
0x5F	ublox_min_satellites	1	uint8	3	0	255
0x60	external_switch_detection_gpio_pin_power_enabled	1	bool	False	False	True
0x61	vhf_enabled	1	bool	False	False	True
0x62	vhf_interval1	4	uint32	2	0	86400
0x63	vhf_interval2	4	uint32	2	0	86400
0x64	vhf_interval1_start	1	uint8	7	0	23
0x65	vhf_interval2_start	1	uint8	19	0	23
0x66	vhf_multiple_intervals	1	bool	False	False	True
0x67	vhf_num_of_packets_per_burst	1	uint8	1	1	255
0x68	vhf_time_between_packets_ms	2	uint16	250	1	10000
0x69	vhf_external_path	1	bool	False	False	True
0x6A	vhf_tx_frequency_khz	4	uint32	150000	150000	300000
0x6B	vhf_single_pulse_duration_ms	2	uint16	18	5	10000
0x6C	s_band_send_mode	1	uint8	1	0	2
0x6D	fence_led_blink	1	bool	False	False	True
0x6E	gps_motion_triggered_min_num_of_triggers_per_interval	1	uint8	0	0	255
0x72	ble_scan_manufacturer_id	2	uint16	2657	0	65535
0x73	accel_movement_data_fifo_enabled	1	bool	False	False	True
0x74	accel_odr_hz	2	uint16	12	0	1600
0x75	accel_g_scale	1	uint8	2	2	16
0x76	satellite_send_interval2	4	uint32	86400	0	86400
0x77	satellite_send_interval2_start	1	uint8	19	0	23
0x78	satellite_multiple_intervals	1	bool	False	False	True
0x79	satellite_interval1_start	1	uint8	7	0	23
0x7A	outdoor_detection_enabled	1	bool	False	False	True
0x7B	outdoor_detection_tau	1	uint8	11	0	100
0x7C	outdoor_detection_parameters	12	byte_array	{0xCB,0xEC,0x6B,0x12,0x2A,0x13,0x79,0x0F,0x20,0x1C,0x00,0x00}
0x7D	ublox_cold_fix_hour_interval	2	uint16	0	0	4320
0x7E	external_switch_detection_enabled	1	bool	False	False	True
0x7F	external_switch_detection_trigger_type	1	uint8	0	0	1
0x80	external_switch_detection_trigger_debounce_ms	2	uint16	50	0	2000
0x81	external_switch_detection_reporting_interval	4	uint32	3600	0	86400
0x82	external_switch_send_inactivity_report	1	bool	True	False	True
0x83	external_switch_minimal_report_duration_ms	2	uint16	250	0	65000
0x84	external_switch_input_pull	1	uint8	1	0	2
0x85	external_switch_counter_enabled	1	bool	False	False	True
0x86	air_quality_enabled	1	bool	False	False	True
0x87	air_quality_interval	4	uint32	300	10	86400
0x88	lp0_send_flag	4	uint32	0	0	4294967295
0x89	lp0_tx_frequency_hz	4	uint32	869150000	0	2100000000
0x8A	lp0_rx_frequency_hz	4	uint32	869150000	0	2100000000
0x8B	lp0_communication_params	4	byte_array	{0x07,0x05,0x01,0x01}
0x8C	lp0_node_params	5	byte_array	{0x00,0x00,0x0a,0x01,0x3c}

Default port bitmasks decoded (bit n-1 = FPort n):

• lr_send_flag 0x0C = 4162715375 (0xF81DFEEF): ports 1 (lr_gps), 2 (ublox_gps), 3 (settings), 4 (status), 6 (wifi_scan_aggregated), 7 (ble_scan_aggregated), 8 (legacy rf_scan, bit still set), 10 (wifi_scan), 11 (ble_scan), 12 (fence), 13 (ublox_short_message), 14 (flash_status), 15 (ble_cmdq), 16 (ublox_resend_location), 17 (legacy open sky detection, bit still set), 19 (external_switch_detection), 20 (external_switch_detection_status), 21 (air_quality), 28 (lr_messaging), 29 (flash_log), 30 (values), 31 (messages), 32 (commands)
• flash_store_flag 0x0D = 876143 (0x000D5E6F): ports 1 (lr_gps), 2 (ublox_gps), 3 (settings), 4 (status), 6 (wifi_scan_aggregated), 7 (ble_scan_aggregated), 10 (wifi_scan), 11 (ble_scan), 12 (fence), 13 (ublox_short_message), 15 (ble_cmdq), 17 (legacy open sky detection, bit still set), 19 (external_switch_detection), 20 (external_switch_detection_status)
• sat_send_flag 0x39 = 16522 (0x0000408A): ports 2 (ublox_gps), 4 (status), 8 (legacy rf_scan, bit still set), 15 (ble_cmdq)

Setting notes that matter for an integration:

• tracker_type 0x00 selects the firmware type reported in status byte 13 (section 6.2). RangerEdge hardware can be set to 5 rangeredge, 10 fenceedge, 7 scanneredge, 2 elephantedge, 3 wisentedge; RhinoEdge hardware to 1, 11, 14, 15, 12, 13.
• ublox_send_interval 0x02 (interval 1), ublox_send_interval_2 0x26 (interval 2), ublox_multiple_intervals 0x29, ublox_interval1_start 0x27 and ublox_interval2_start 0x52 (UTC hours) define a two period daily schedule. The wiki still calls 0x27 ublox_switch_interval.
• gps_resend_interval 0x0A periodically resends the last position on FPort 16.
• horizontal_accuracy 0x13 (m) is the acceptance threshold for a fix; hot_fix_timeout 0x17 and cold_fix_timeout 0x16 are u16 seconds.
• data_log 0x0B enables flash logging globally; flash_store_flag selects ports.
• device_pin 0x2A (4 ASCII digits, 0000 = off) locks BLE access; status bit locked reflects it.
• lp0_* (0x44 to 0x46, 0x88 to 0x8C) were s_band_* in 6.x (the wiki still names 0x44/0x45/0x46 s_band_app_key, s_band_network_key, s_band_dev_adr).

4.5 Downlinks over other channels

• Bluetooth (Smart Parks Connect app, BLE web app): same bytes with the port in front: 03 3F 01 01 enables the fence; 32 195 0 (decimal) is cmd_set_hibernation_mode.
• RockBLOCK mobile terminated message (wiki satellite page): [port, msg_id, msg_len, msg_data], TLVs on the same port may be stacked. Examples 03 02 04 08 07 00 00 (GPS interval 30 min), 03 04 04 10 0E 00 00 (satellite send interval 1 h).
• smartparks-connect-web (utils/bytes.go, web/chirpstack.go) builds exactly id, length, value with uint32/int32/float little-endian, bool as 1 byte, byte arrays from hex, strings raw, and enqueues on FPort 3 for settings and FPort 32 for commands via the ChirpStack gRPC API.

5. Decoder sources (verbatim)

5.1 Which decoder applies to which device and firmware

All OpenCollar Edge devices (every Edge and Free device, every RangerEdge/RhinoEdge/CollarEdge hardware) use one decoder family, ttn_decoder.js, that ships in the firmware repository and is released alongside each firmware version as ttn_decoder-v<fw>.js. Choose by firmware version of the device:

Device firmware	Decoder	Where	Notes
7.1.0 to 7.3.0 (current)	ttn_decoder-v7.2.0.js	raw_logs_decoder, identical to scripts/ttn_decoder.js at fw commit 73fa4de (7.3.0)	Adds FPort 21 air quality and version string; drops ports 8 and 17 and the rf_scan feature bit. Backward compatible for all other ports
6.15.0 to 6.16.3	ttn_decoder-v6.15.1.js (byte identical to -v6.15.3.js in the lp0 tools)	raw_logs_decoder, smartparks-lp0-*	Adds >>> 0 unsigned fixes, ports 18, 19, 20
6.9.0 to 6.14.3	ttn_decoder-v6.11.2.js (byte identical to -v6.14.0.js)	raw_logs_decoder	15 byte CMDQ records with HRV
6.1.x to 6.8.x	CSv4_Decoder_OpenCollar_Edge_v6.5.0.js	smartparks-toolset	ChirpStack v4 wrapper; 13 byte CMDQ records; ports 8 and 17 present
4.x	CSv4_Decoder_OpenCollar_Edge_v4.4.3.js, d_opencollar_Edge_v2.js	smartparks-toolset	No CMDQ (port 15)
pre-Edge OpenCollar v2.x/v3 (STM32 "OpenCollar Tracker", Lion, Rhino legacy, first fence)	d_opencollar_tracker_v1.js, d_opencollar_v3.js, d_opencollar_fence_v2.js, d_opencollar_rhino_tracker_legacy.js, d_opencollar_lion_tracker_legacy.js, d_opencollar_rhinoedge_v0_1.js, TTN repo opencollar-v26.js	smartparks-toolset, lorawan-devices	Completely different protocol (24 bit lat/lon, status on port 12). Included below for completeness; do not use for Edge devices

Decoder entry points differ per network server:

• TTN v2 / the firmware file: Decoder(bytes, port) returns the object. The raw_logs_decoder and lp0 tools call this signature directly.
• TTN v3 / LoRaWAN device repository style: wrap as function decodeUplink(input) { return { data: Decoder(input.bytes, input.fPort) }; }.
• ChirpStack v3: function Decode(fPort, bytes, variables); ChirpStack v4: decodeUplink(input) returning { data }. The toolset CSv4_* files contain Decode(fPort, bytes, variables) plus a decodeUplink wrapper; they are otherwise the same code as the TTN file of the matching version with port renamed to fPort (and the flash log record key fPort instead of port).

5.2 ttn_decoder v7.2.0 (current; identical to firmware 7.3.0 scripts/ttn_decoder.js)

Source URL: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SmartParksOrg/raw_logs_decoder/main/ttn_decoder-v7.2.0.js (repository commit 9b10e024397ca85488a14e0175732c64ca7ac6ee, 2026-07-08). Also https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SmartParksOrg/smartparks-opencollar-edge-fw-public/main/scripts/ttn_decoder.js (commit 73fa4de0b831dac488c82398a215524186c003b6, 2026-04-10). diff between the two files is empty.

function decode_uint8(byte, min, max)
{
    var val;
    val = byte * (max - min) / 255 + min;
    return val;
}
function decode_nav_payload(bytes, index, nav_len)
{
    var nav_payload = "";
    var one_byte;
    var one_byte_str;
    // Skip first byte
    for (var i = 1; i < nav_len; i++) {
        one_byte = bytes[index + i];
        one_byte_str = one_byte.toString(16);
        if (one_byte_str.length == 1) {
            nav_payload += ("0" + one_byte_str);
        } else {
            nav_payload += one_byte_str;
        }
    }
    return nav_payload;
}
function get_constellation_name(id)
{
    var name;
    if (id == 1) {
        name = "GPS";
    } else if (id == 2) {
        name = "GLONASS";
    } else if (id == 3) {
        name = "combined";
    } else if (id == 4) {
        name = "Galileo";
    } else if (id == 5) {
        name = "BeiDou";
    } else {
        name = "";
    }
    return name;
}
function decodeGNSSMessage(bytes)
{
    // Skip header 0 and 1
    var nav_len = bytes[1];
    var decoded = {
        nav_payload : decode_nav_payload(bytes, 2, nav_len),
    };
    return decoded;
}
function decodeUbloxLocationMessage(bytes)
{
    var success = bytes[2];
    var hot_retry = bytes[3];
    var cold_retry = bytes[4];
    var ttf = (bytes[6] << 8 | bytes[5]) >>> 0;
    var value = bytes[10] << 24 | bytes[9] << 16 | bytes[8] << 8 | bytes[7];
    var latitude = value / 10000000; // gps latitude,units: °
    value = bytes[14] << 24 | bytes[13] << 16 | bytes[12] << 8 | bytes[11];
    var longitude = value / 10000000; // gps longitude,units: °
    value = bytes[18] << 24 | bytes[17] << 16 | bytes[16] << 8 | bytes[15];
    var altitude = value / 1000;
    var fixType = bytes[19];
    var SIV = bytes[20];
    var h_acc_est = (bytes[22] << 8 | bytes[21]) >>> 0;
    var pDOP = bytes[23];
    var fix_time = (bytes[27] << 24 | bytes[26] << 16 | bytes[25] << 8 | bytes[24]) >>> 0;
    var active_tracking = bytes[28];
    value = (bytes[29] << 8 | bytes[30]) >>> 0;
    var cog = (value - 18000) / 100;
    var sog = bytes[31] * 3.6;
    var decoded = {
        latitude : latitude,
        longitude : longitude,
        altitude : altitude,
        success : success,
        hot_retry : hot_retry,
        cold_retry : cold_retry,
        ttf : ttf,
        fixType : fixType,
        SIV : SIV,
        h_acc_est : h_acc_est,
        pDOP : pDOP,
        fix_timestamp : fix_time,
        active_t : active_tracking,
    };

    if (active_tracking) {
        decoded["cog"] = cog;
        decoded["sog"] = sog;
    }
    return decoded;
}
function decodeStatusMessage(bytes)
{
    // Skip header 0 and 1
    var reset = bytes[2];
    var err = bytes[3];
    var bat = (bytes[4] * 10) + 2500;
    var operation = bytes[5];
    var msg = 0;
    if (operation & 1)
        msg = 1;
    var locked = 0;
    if (operation & 2)
        locked = 1;
    var lr_join = 0;
    if (operation & 4)
        lr_join = 1;
    var lr_sat = operation >> 4;
    var temp = decode_uint8(bytes[6], -100, 100);
    var uptime = bytes[7];
    var acc_x = decode_uint8(bytes[8], -100, 100);
    var acc_y = decode_uint8(bytes[9], -100, 100);
    var acc_z = decode_uint8(bytes[10], -100, 100);
    var version = bytes[11];
    var ver_hw_minor = version & 0x0F;
    var ver_hw_major = version >> 4;
    version = bytes[12];
    var ver_fw_minor = version & 0x0F;
    var ver_fw_major = version >> 4;
    var ver_hw_type = bytes[13] & 0x0F;
    var ver_fw_type = bytes[13] >> 4;
    var version = "v" + ver_fw_major.toString() + "." + ver_fw_minor.toString()
    var chg = 0;
    if (bytes[14] > 0)
        chg = (bytes[14] * 100) + 5000;
    var features = bytes[15];
    var sat_support = 0;
    if (features & 1)
        sat_support = 1;
    var fence = 0;
    if (features & 4)
        fence = 1;
    var sat_try = features >> 4;
    // Errors
    var err_lr = 0;
    if (err & 1)
        err_lr = 1;
    var err_ble = 0;
    if (err & 2)
        err_ble = 1;
    var err_ublox = 0;
    if (err & 4)
        err_ublox = 1;
    var err_acc = 0;
    if (err & 8)
        err_acc = 1;
    var err_bat = 0;
    if (err & 16)
        err_bat = 1;
    var err_ublox_fix = 0;
    if (err & 32)
        err_ublox_fix = 1;
    var err_flash = 0;
    if (err & 64)
        err_flash = 1;
    var decoded = {
        reset : reset,
        bat : bat,
        chg : chg,
        temp : temp,
        uptime : uptime,
        locked : locked,
        msg : msg,
        acc_x : acc_x,
        acc_y : acc_y,
        acc_z : acc_z,
        lr_sat : lr_sat,
        err_lr : err_lr,
        err_lr_join : lr_join,
        err_ble : err_ble,
        err_ublox : err_ublox,
        err_acc : err_acc,
        err_bat : err_bat,
        err_ublox_fix : err_ublox_fix,
        err_flash : err_flash,
        ver_fw_major : ver_fw_major,
        ver_fw_minor : ver_fw_minor,
        ver_hw_major : ver_hw_major,
        ver_hw_minor : ver_hw_minor,
        ver_hw_type : ver_hw_type,
        ver_fw_type : ver_fw_type,
        sat_support : sat_support,
        sat_try : sat_try,
        fence : fence,
        version : version,
    };
    return decoded;
}
function decodeLRSatellitesMessage(bytes)
{
    // Skip header 0
    var len = bytes[1];
    var n_sat = bytes[2];
    var decoded = {
        N_sat : n_sat,
    };
    var i = 0;
    var idx = 2;
    var object = [];
    while (i < n_sat && idx < len) {
        object[i] = {
            id : bytes[2 * i + 3],
            cnr : bytes[2 * i + 4],
        };
        decoded[String(1 + i)] = object[i];
        i++;
        idx += 2;
    }
    decoded["N_reported"] = i;
    return decoded;
}
function decodeScanMessage(bytes, port)
{
    // Skip header 0
    var len = bytes[1];
    var n_wifi_res = bytes[2];
    var decoded = {};
    if (port == 6 || port == 10) {
        decoded = {
            N_wifi_res : n_wifi_res,
        };
    } else {
        decoded = {
            N_BT_res : n_wifi_res,
        };
    }
    var i = 0;
    var idx = 0;
    var object = [];
    var mac = [];
    while (i < n_wifi_res && idx < len - 1) {
        mac[i] = "";
        for (var j = 2; j > 0; j--) {
            mac[i] = mac[i].concat(bytes[3 + i * 9 + j].toString(16) + ":");
        }
        mac[i] = mac[i].concat(bytes[3 + i * 9 + 0].toString(16));
        object[i] = {
            rssi : bytes[3 + i * 9 + 3] - 128,
            count : bytes[3 + i * 9 + 4],
            mac : mac[i],
            t : (bytes[3 + i * 9 + 8] << 24 | bytes[3 + i * 9 + 7] << 16 |
                 bytes[3 + i * 9 + 6] << 8 | bytes[3 + i * 9 + 5]) >>>
                    0,
        };
        decoded[String(1 + i)] = object[i];
        i++;
        idx += 9;
    }
    return decoded;
}
function decodeLastScanMessage(bytes)
{
    // Skip header 0
    var len = bytes[1];
    var timestamp = (bytes[5] << 24 | bytes[4] << 16 | bytes[3] << 8 | bytes[2]) >>> 0;
    var n_wifi_res = bytes[6];
    var decoded = {
        N_BT_res : n_wifi_res,
        t : timestamp,
    };
    var i = 0;
    var idx = 5; // Set index to end of timestamp and data count
    var object = [];
    var mac = [];
    while (i < n_wifi_res && idx < len - 1) {
        mac[i] = "";
        for (var j = 2; j > 0; j--) {
            mac[i] = mac[i].concat(bytes[7 + i * 4 + j].toString(16) + ":");
        }
        mac[i] = mac[i].concat(bytes[7 + i * 4 + 0].toString(16));
        object[i] = {
            rssi : bytes[7 + i * 4 + 3] - 128,
            mac : mac[i],
        };
        decoded[String(1 + i)] = object[i];
        i++;
        idx += 4;
    }
    return decoded;
}
function decodeUbloxSatellitesMessage(bytes)
{
    // Skip header 0 and 1
    var len = bytes[1];
    var n_sat = bytes[2];
    var decoded = {
        N_sat : n_sat,
    };
    var i = 0;
    var idx = 2;
    var object = [];
    while (i < n_sat && idx < len - 1) {
        object[i] = {
            id : bytes[6 * i + 3],
            cn0 : bytes[6 * i + 4],
            ele : bytes[6 * i + 5],
            azi : bytes[6 * i + 7] << 8 | bytes[6 * i + 6],
            con : get_constellation_name(bytes[6 * i + 8]),
        };
        decoded[String(1 + i)] = object[i];
        i++;
        idx += 6;
    }
    decoded["N_reported"] = i;
    return decoded;
}
function decodeReadFlashMessage(bytes)
{
    var decoded = {};
    var msg_len = bytes.length;
    var i = 0;
    var port = 0;
    var len = 0;
    var msg = [];
    var msg_idx = 0;
    var timestamp = [];
    var object = [];
    var parsed_msg = {};
    while (i < msg_len - 7) {
        port = bytes[i]; // Read port
        // We do not need id
        len = bytes[i + 2];                    // Read msg len
        msg = bytes.slice(i + 1, i + len + 3); // Slice message part
        i += len + 3;
        timestamp =
            (bytes[i + 3] << 24 | bytes[i + 2] << 16 | bytes[i + 1] << 8 | bytes[i]) >>>
            0;
        i += 4;
        parsed_msg = {};
        if (port != 29) {
            parsed_msg = Decoder(msg, port);
        }
        object[msg_idx] = {
            data : parsed_msg,
            port : port,
            timestamp : timestamp,
        };
        decoded[String(1 + msg_idx)] = object[msg_idx];
        msg_idx++;
    }
    return decoded;
}

function decodeUbloxLocationMessageShort(bytes)
{
    var fix_timestamp = (bytes[5] << 24 | bytes[4] << 16 | bytes[3] << 8 | bytes[2]) >>> 0;
    var latitude = bytes[9] << 24 | bytes[8] << 16 | bytes[7] << 8 | bytes[6];
    latitude = latitude / 10000000;
    var longitude = bytes[13] << 24 | bytes[12] << 16 | bytes[11] << 8 | bytes[10];
    longitude = longitude / 10000000;
    var h_acc_est = (bytes[15] << 8 | bytes[14]) >>> 0;
    var decoded = {
        fix_timestamp : fix_timestamp,
        latitude : latitude,
        longitude : longitude,
        h_acc_est : h_acc_est
    };
    return decoded;
}

function decodeDeviceMessage(bytes)
{
    var len = bytes[1];
    var msg_len = bytes[2];
    var msg = bytes.slice(3, 3 + msg_len);
    var seq = bytes[3 + msg_len];
    var retry = bytes[4 + msg_len];

    var decoded = {
        len : len,
        msg_len : msg_len,
        msg : msg,
        seq : seq,
        retry : retry,
    };

    return decoded;
}

function decodedMemfault(bytes)
{
    var len = bytes[1];
    var msg = bytes.slice(2);

    var decoded = {
        len : len,
        msg : msg,
    };

    return decoded;
}

function uint16(b1, b2)
{
    return (b1 & 0xff) | ((b2 & 0xff) << 8);
}

function getBandDisplayName(start, stop)
{
    if (start >= 1920 && stop <= 1980) {
        return "1";
    } else if (start >= 2110 && stop <= 2170) {
        return "1d";
    } else if (start >= 1710 && stop <= 1785) {
        return "3";
    } else if (start >= 1805 && stop <= 1880) {
        return "3d";
    } else if (start >= 2500 && stop <= 2570) {
        return "7";
    } else if (start >= 2620 && stop <= 2690) {
        return "7d";
    } else if (start >= 880 && stop <= 915) {
        return "8";
    } else if (start >= 925 && stop <= 960) {
        return "8d";
    } else if (start >= 832 && stop <= 862) {
        return "20";
    } else if (start >= 791 && stop <= 821) {
        return "20d";
    } else if (start >= 2401 && stop <= 2484) {
        return "wifi_bt";
    } else {
        return "unknown";
    }
}

function decodeFence(bytes)
{
    // Skip header 0
    var len = bytes[1];
    var success = bytes[2];
    var N = bytes[3];
    var voltage = uint16(bytes[4], bytes[5]);
    var energy = uint16(bytes[6], bytes[7]);

    var decoded = {
        success : success,
        N : N,
        voltage : voltage,
        energy : energy,
    };

    return decoded;
}

function decodeFlashStatusMessage(bytes)
{
    // Skip header 0
    var len = bytes[1];
    var percentage = bytes[2];
    var n_msg = (bytes[6] << 24 | bytes[5] << 16 | bytes[4] << 8 | bytes[3]) >>> 0;

    var decoded = {
        percentage : percentage,
        n_msg : n_msg,
    };

    return decoded;
}

function decodeBluetoothCMDQMessage(bytes)
{
    const one_CMDQ_message_length = 15;
    var len = bytes[1];
    var n_res = Math.floor(len / one_CMDQ_message_length);
    var decoded = {};
    for (var i = 0; i < n_res; i++) {
        var offset = 2 + (i * one_CMDQ_message_length);
        var measurement_timestamp =
            (((bytes[offset + 3] & 0xff) << 24) | ((bytes[offset + 2] & 0xff) << 16) |
             ((bytes[offset + 1] & 0xff) << 8) | (bytes[offset] & 0xff)) >>>
            0;
        var rr_median = bytes[offset + 4];
        var rr_median_modesum = bytes[offset + 5];
        var activity_average = bytes[offset + 6];
        var activity_max = bytes[offset + 7];
        var active_min_in_last_hour = bytes[offset + 8];
        var raw_temperature = uint16(bytes[offset + 10], bytes[offset + 9]);
        var temperature = 0;
        var cmdq_success = 0;
        if (raw_temperature > 0) {
            temperature = (raw_temperature * 0.0248) - 18.09;
            cmdq_success = 1;
        }
        var h_impedance = uint16(bytes[offset + 12], bytes[offset + 11]);
        var hrv_raw = uint16(bytes[offset + 14], bytes[offset + 13]);
        var hrv = Math.sqrt(hrv_raw);

        decoded[i] = {
            cmdq_timestamp : measurement_timestamp,
            cmdq_rr_median : rr_median,
            cmdq_rr_median_modesum : rr_median_modesum,
            cmdq_activity_average : activity_average,
            cmdq_activity_max : activity_max,
            cmdq_active_min_in_last_hour : active_min_in_last_hour,
            cmdq_temp : temperature,
            cmdq_raw_temp : raw_temperature,
            cmdq_h_impedance : h_impedance,
            cmdq_hrv : hrv,
            cmdq_hrv_raw : hrv_raw,
            cmdq_success : cmdq_success
        }
    }
    return decoded;
}

function decodeLastPosition(bytes)
{
    if (bytes[0] == 0xfe) {
        var value = bytes[5] << 24 | bytes[4] << 16 | bytes[3] << 8 | bytes[2];
        var latitude = value / 10000000; // gps latitude,units: °
        value = bytes[9] << 24 | bytes[8] << 16 | bytes[7] << 8 | bytes[6];
        var longitude = value / 10000000; // gps longitude,units: °
        value = bytes[13] << 24 | bytes[12] << 16 | bytes[11] << 8 | bytes[10];
        var altitude = value / 1000;
        var fix_time =
            (bytes[17] << 24 | bytes[16] << 16 | bytes[15] << 8 | bytes[14]) >>> 0;
        var decoded = {
            latitude : latitude,
            longitude : longitude,
            altitude : altitude,
            fix_time : fix_time,
        };
    };
    return decoded;
}

function decodeTimestamp(bytes)
{
    var decoded = {};
    var len = bytes[1];
    if (len == 4) {
        var timestamp = (bytes[5] << 24 | bytes[4] << 16 | bytes[3] << 8 | bytes[2]) >>> 0;
        decoded = {
            timestamp : timestamp,
        };
    }
    return decoded;
}

function decodeExternalSwitchMessage(bytes)
{
    var decoded = {};
    var pressed = bytes[2];
    var duration_ms = (bytes[6] << 24 | bytes[5] << 16 | bytes[4] << 8 | bytes[3]) >>> 0;
    decoded = {
        activity : pressed,
        duration_ms : duration_ms,
    };
    return decoded;
}

function decodeExternalSwitchStatusMessage(bytes)
{
    var decoded = {};
    var pressed = bytes[2];
    /* Pressed value 2 means the message contains impulse count */
    if (pressed == 2) {
        var impulse_count =
            (bytes[6] << 24 | bytes[5] << 16 | bytes[4] << 8 | bytes[3]) >>> 0;
        decoded = {
            impulse_count : impulse_count,
        };
    } else {
        var num_of_active_detections =
            (bytes[6] << 24 | bytes[5] << 16 | bytes[4] << 8 | bytes[3]) >>> 0;
        decoded = {
            activity : pressed,
            num_of_active_detections : num_of_active_detections,
        };
    }
    return decoded;
}

function decodeAirQualityBME690(bytes, offset)
{
    return {
        air_q_IAQ : new DataView(new Uint8Array([
                         bytes[offset], bytes[offset + 1],
                         bytes[offset + 2], bytes[offset + 3]
                     ]).buffer)
                    .getFloat32(0, true),

        air_q_temperature : new DataView(new Uint8Array([
                             bytes[offset + 4], bytes[offset + 5],
                             bytes[offset + 6], bytes[offset + 7]
                         ]).buffer)
                        .getFloat32(0, true),

        air_q_pressure : new DataView(new Uint8Array([
                              bytes[offset + 8], bytes[offset + 9],
                              bytes[offset + 10], bytes[offset + 11]
                          ]).buffer)
                     .getFloat32(0, true),

        air_q_humidity : new DataView(new Uint8Array([
                              bytes[offset + 12], bytes[offset + 13],
                              bytes[offset + 14], bytes[offset + 15]
                          ]).buffer)
                     .getFloat32(0, true),

        air_q_raw_gas : new DataView(new Uint8Array([
                             bytes[offset + 16], bytes[offset + 17],
                             bytes[offset + 18], bytes[offset + 19]
                         ]).buffer)
                    .getFloat32(0, true),
    };
}

function decodeAirQualityBMV080(bytes, offset)
{
    return {
        air_q_pm2_5_mass : new DataView(new Uint8Array([
                            bytes[offset], bytes[offset + 1],
                            bytes[offset + 2], bytes[offset + 3]
                        ]).buffer)
                       .getFloat32(0, true),

        air_q_pm1_mass : new DataView(new Uint8Array([
                              bytes[offset + 4], bytes[offset + 5],
                              bytes[offset + 6], bytes[offset + 7]
                          ]).buffer)
                     .getFloat32(0, true),

        air_q_pm10_mass : new DataView(new Uint8Array([
                               bytes[offset + 8], bytes[offset + 9],
                               bytes[offset + 10], bytes[offset + 11]
                           ]).buffer)
                      .getFloat32(0, true),

        air_q_pm2_5_num : new DataView(new Uint8Array([
                               bytes[offset + 12], bytes[offset + 13],
                               bytes[offset + 14], bytes[offset + 15]
                           ]).buffer)
                      .getFloat32(0, true),

        air_q_pm1_num : new DataView(new Uint8Array([
                             bytes[offset + 16], bytes[offset + 17],
                             bytes[offset + 18], bytes[offset + 19]
                         ]).buffer)
                    .getFloat32(0, true),

        air_q_pm10_num : new DataView(new Uint8Array([
                              bytes[offset + 20], bytes[offset + 21],
                              bytes[offset + 22], bytes[offset + 23]
                          ]).buffer)
                     .getFloat32(0, true),

        air_q_is_obstructed : bytes[offset + 24],
    };
}

function decodeAirQualityMessage(bytes)
{
    var decoded = {};
    var len = bytes[1];

    if (len == 2) {
        /* Only header was sent - No data available */
        decoded = {};
    } else if (len > 2 && len < 27) {
        /* Only BME690 data */
        decoded = decodeAirQualityBME690(bytes, 2);
    } else if (len == 27) {
        /* Only BMV080 data */
        decoded = decodeAirQualityBMV080(bytes, 2);
    } else if (len > 27 && len < 48) {
        /* Both BMV080 and BME690 data */
        let bmv = decodeAirQualityBMV080(bytes, 2);
        let bme = decodeAirQualityBME690(bytes, 27);
        decoded = {...bmv, ...bme};
    } else if (len > 47) {
        /* Invalid message length */
        decoded = {};
    }

    return decoded;
}

function Decoder(bytes, port)
{
    // Decode an uplink message from a buffer
    // (array) of bytes to an object of fields.
    var decoded = {};
    if (port == 1) {
        decoded = decodeGNSSMessage(bytes);
    } else if (port == 2) {
        decoded = decodeUbloxLocationMessage(bytes);
    } else if (port == 4) {
        decoded = decodeStatusMessage(bytes);
    } else if (port == 5) {
        decoded = decodeLRSatellitesMessage(bytes);
    } else if (port == 6 || port == 7 || port == 10) {
        decoded = decodeScanMessage(bytes, port);
    } else if (port == 9) {
        decoded = decodeUbloxSatellitesMessage(bytes);
    } else if (port == 11) {
        decoded = decodeLastScanMessage(bytes);
    } else if (port == 12) {
        decoded = decodeFence(bytes);
    } else if (port == 13) {
        decoded = decodeUbloxLocationMessageShort(bytes);
    } else if (port == 14) {
        decoded = decodeFlashStatusMessage(bytes);
    } else if (port == 15) {
        decoded = decodeBluetoothCMDQMessage(bytes);
    } else if (port == 16) {
        decoded = decodeUbloxLocationMessageShort(bytes);
    } else if (port == 18) {
        decoded = decodeTimestamp(bytes);
    } else if (port == 19) {
        decoded = decodeExternalSwitchMessage(bytes);
    } else if (port == 20) {
        decoded = decodeExternalSwitchStatusMessage(bytes);
    } else if (port == 21) {
        decoded = decodeAirQualityMessage(bytes);
    } else if (port == 27) {
        decoded = decodedMemfault(bytes);
    } else if (port == 28) {
        decoded = decodeDeviceMessage(bytes);
    } else if (port == 29) {
        decoded = decodeReadFlashMessage(bytes);
    } else if (port == 31) {
        decoded = decodeLastPosition(bytes);
    }
    return decoded;
}

5.3 ttn_decoder v6.15.1 (for firmware 6.15.x and 6.16.x; byte identical to ttn_decoder-v6.15.3.js in smartparks-lp0-replay-app and smartparks-lp0-platform)

Source URL: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SmartParksOrg/raw_logs_decoder/main/ttn_decoder-v6.15.1.js (commit 9b10e02, 2026-07-08). Differences to v7.2.0: contains decodeRfScannerMessage (port 8), decodeOpenSkyDetection (port 17) and the status rf_scan bit; lacks air quality (port 21) and the version string. Only the differing parts are reproduced here (the rest is identical to 5.2):

// status message, inside decodeStatusMessage (v6.15.x):
    var rf_scan = 0;
    if (features & 2)
        rf_scan = 1;
    // ... and `rf_scan : rf_scan,` in the returned object; no `version` field.

function decodeRfScannerMessage(bytes)
{
    var len = bytes[1];
    var msg = bytes.slice(2);
    var decoded = {
        version : msg[0],
        should_alert : msg[1],
    };
    var offset = 2;
    var range_len = 6;
    for (var i = 0; i < (len - offset) / range_len; i++) {
        var x = offset + range_len * i;
        var c = 0;
        var start = uint16(msg[x + c++], msg[x + c++]) / 10;
        var stop = uint16(msg[x + c++], msg[x + c++]) / 10;
        decoded["band_" + getBandDisplayName(start, stop)] = {
            start : start,
            stop : stop,
            peak_count : msg[x + c++],
            max_rssi : -msg[x + c++],
        };
    }
    return decoded;
}

function decodeOpenSkyDetection(bytes)
{
    var decoded = {};
    var len = bytes[1];
    var n_res = Math.floor(len / 2);
    for (var i = 0; i < n_res; i++) {
        decoded[i] = { average_rssi : -bytes[2 + (i * 2)], max_rssi : -bytes[3 + (i * 2)] }
    }
    return decoded;
}

// in Decoder(bytes, port):
    } else if (port == 8) {
        decoded = decodeRfScannerMessage(bytes);
    ...
    } else if (port == 17) {
        decoded = decodeOpenSkyDetection(bytes);
    // and no `port == 21` branch.

5.4 ttn_decoder v6.11.2 (for firmware 6.9.0 to 6.14.x; byte identical to ttn_decoder-v6.14.0.js)

Source URL: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SmartParksOrg/raw_logs_decoder/main/ttn_decoder-v6.11.2.js (commit 9b10e02). Same message set as v6.15.1 minus ports 18, 19, 20 (timestamp, external switch), and without the >>> 0 unsigned corrections (timestamps and counters with bit 31 set decode negative). Full file:

function decode_uint8(byte, min, max) {
    var val;
    val = byte * (max - min) / 255 + min;
    return val;
}
function decode_nav_payload(bytes, index, nav_len) {
    var nav_payload = "";
    var one_byte;
    var one_byte_str;
    // Skip first byte
    for (var i = 1; i < nav_len; i++) {
        one_byte = bytes[index + i];
        one_byte_str = one_byte.toString(16);
        if (one_byte_str.length == 1) {
            nav_payload += ("0" + one_byte_str);
        }
        else {
            nav_payload += one_byte_str;
        }
    }
    return nav_payload;
}
function get_constellation_name(id) {
    var name;
    if (id == 1) {
        name = "GPS";
    }
    else if (id == 2) {
        name = "GLONASS";
    }
    else if (id == 3) {
        name = "combined";
    }
    else if (id == 4) {
        name = "Galileo";
    }
    else if (id == 5) {
        name = "BeiDou";
    }
    else {
        name = "";
    }
    return name;
}
function decodeGNSSMessage(bytes) {
    //Skip header 0 and 1
    var nav_len = bytes[1];
    var decoded = {
        nav_payload: decode_nav_payload(bytes, 2, nav_len),
    };
    return decoded;
}
function decodeUbloxLocationMessage(bytes) {
    var success = bytes[2];
    var hot_retry = bytes[3];
    var cold_retry = bytes[4];
    var ttf = bytes[6] << 8 | bytes[5];
    var value = bytes[10] << 24 | bytes[9] << 16 | bytes[8] << 8 | bytes[7];
    var latitude = value / 10000000; // gps latitude,units: °
    value = bytes[14] << 24 | bytes[13] << 16 | bytes[12] << 8 | bytes[11];
    var longitude = value / 10000000; // gps longitude,units: °
    value = bytes[18] << 24 | bytes[17] << 16 | bytes[16] << 8 | bytes[15];
    var altitude = value / 1000;
    var fixType = bytes[19];
    var SIV = bytes[20];
    var h_acc_est = bytes[22] << 8 | bytes[21];
    var pDOP = bytes[23];
    var fix_time = bytes[27] << 24 | bytes[26] << 16 | bytes[25] << 8 | bytes[24];
    var active_tracking = bytes[28];
    value = bytes[29] << 8 | bytes[30];
    var cog = (value - 18000) / 100;
    var sog = bytes[31] * 3.6;
    var decoded = {
        latitude: latitude,
        longitude: longitude,
        altitude: altitude,
        success: success,
        hot_retry: hot_retry,
        cold_retry: cold_retry,
        ttf: ttf,
        fixType: fixType,
        SIV: SIV,
        h_acc_est: h_acc_est,
        pDOP: pDOP,
        fix_timestamp: fix_time,
        active_t: active_tracking,
    };

    if (active_tracking) {
        decoded["cog"] = cog;
        decoded["sog"] = sog;
    }
    return decoded;
}
function decodeStatusMessage(bytes) {
    //Skip header 0 and 1
    var reset = bytes[2];
    var err = bytes[3];
    var bat = (bytes[4] * 10) + 2500;
    var operation = bytes[5];
    var msg = 0;
    if (operation & 1) msg = 1;
    var locked = 0;
    if (operation & 2) locked = 1;
    var lr_join = 0;
    if (operation & 4) lr_join = 1;
    var lr_sat = operation >> 4;
    var temp = decode_uint8(bytes[6], -100, 100);
    var uptime = bytes[7];
    var acc_x = decode_uint8(bytes[8], -100, 100);
    var acc_y = decode_uint8(bytes[9], -100, 100);
    var acc_z = decode_uint8(bytes[10], -100, 100);
    var version = bytes[11];
    var ver_hw_minor = version & 0x0F;
    var ver_hw_major = version >> 4;
    version = bytes[12];
    var ver_fw_minor = version & 0x0F;
    var ver_fw_major = version >> 4;
    var ver_hw_type = bytes[13] & 0x0F;
    var ver_fw_type = bytes[13] >> 4;
    var chg = 0;
    if (bytes[14] > 0) chg = (bytes[14] * 100) + 5000;
    var features = bytes[15];
    var sat_support = 0;
    if (features & 1) sat_support = 1;
    var rf_scan = 0;
    if (features & 2) rf_scan = 1;
    var fence = 0;
    if (features & 4) fence = 1;
    var sat_try = features >> 4;
    //Errors
    var err_lr = 0;
    if (err & 1) err_lr = 1;
    var err_ble = 0;
    if (err & 2) err_ble = 1;
    var err_ublox = 0;
    if (err & 4) err_ublox = 1;
    var err_acc = 0;
    if (err & 8) err_acc = 1;
    var err_bat = 0;
    if (err & 16) err_bat = 1;
    var err_ublox_fix = 0;
    if (err & 32) err_ublox_fix = 1;
    var err_flash = 0;
    if (err & 64) err_flash = 1;
    var decoded = {
        reset: reset,
        bat: bat,
        chg: chg,
        temp: temp,
        uptime: uptime,
        locked: locked,
        msg: msg,
        acc_x: acc_x,
        acc_y: acc_y,
        acc_z: acc_z,
        lr_sat: lr_sat,
        err_lr: err_lr,
        err_lr_join: lr_join,
        err_ble: err_ble,
        err_ublox: err_ublox,
        err_acc: err_acc,
        err_bat: err_bat,
        err_ublox_fix: err_ublox_fix,
        err_flash: err_flash,
        ver_fw_major: ver_fw_major,
        ver_fw_minor: ver_fw_minor,
        ver_hw_major: ver_hw_major,
        ver_hw_minor: ver_hw_minor,
        ver_hw_type: ver_hw_type,
        ver_fw_type: ver_fw_type,
        sat_support: sat_support,
        sat_try: sat_try,
        rf_scan: rf_scan,
        fence: fence,
    };
    return decoded;
}
function decodeLRSatellitesMessage(bytes) {
    //Skip header 0
    var len = bytes[1];
    var n_sat = bytes[2];
    var decoded = {
        N_sat: n_sat,
    };
    var i = 0;
    var idx = 2;
    var object = [];
    while (i < n_sat && idx < len) {
        object[i] = {
            id: bytes[2 * i + 3],
            cnr: bytes[2 * i + 4],
        };
        decoded[String(1 + i)] = object[i];
        i++;
        idx += 2;
    }
    decoded["N_reported"] = i;
    return decoded;
}
function decodeScanMessage(bytes, port) {
    //Skip header 0
    var len = bytes[1];
    var n_wifi_res = bytes[2];
    var decoded = {};
    if (port == 6 || port == 10) {
        decoded = {
            N_wifi_res: n_wifi_res,
        };
    }
    else {
        decoded = {
            N_BT_res: n_wifi_res,
        };
    }
    var i = 0;
    var idx = 0;
    var object = [];
    var mac = [];
    while (i < n_wifi_res && idx < len - 1) {
        mac[i] = "";
        for (var j = 2; j > 0; j--) {
            mac[i] = mac[i].concat(bytes[3 + i * 9 + j].toString(16) + ":");
        }
        mac[i] = mac[i].concat(bytes[3 + i * 9 + 0].toString(16));
        object[i] = {
            rssi: bytes[3 + i * 9 + 3] - 128,
            count: bytes[3 + i * 9 + 4],
            mac: mac[i],
            t: bytes[3 + i * 9 + 8] << 24 | bytes[3 + i * 9 + 7] << 16 | bytes[3 + i * 9 + 6] << 8 | bytes[3 + i * 9 + 5],
        };
        decoded[String(1 + i)] = object[i];
        i++;
        idx += 9;
    }
    return decoded;
}
function decodeLastScanMessage(bytes) {
    //Skip header 0
    var len = bytes[1];
    var timestamp = bytes[5] << 24 | bytes[4] << 16 | bytes[3] << 8 | bytes[2];
    var n_wifi_res = bytes[6];
    var decoded = {
        N_BT_res: n_wifi_res,
        t: timestamp,
    };
    var i = 0;
    var idx = 5; //Set index to end of timestamp and data count
    var object = [];
    var mac = [];
    while (i < n_wifi_res && idx < len - 1) {
        mac[i] = "";
        for (var j = 2; j > 0; j--) {
            mac[i] = mac[i].concat(bytes[7 + i * 4 + j].toString(16) + ":");
        }
        mac[i] = mac[i].concat(bytes[7 + i * 4 + 0].toString(16));
        object[i] = {
            rssi: bytes[7 + i * 4 + 3] - 128,
            mac: mac[i],
        };
        decoded[String(1 + i)] = object[i];
        i++;
        idx += 4;
    }
    return decoded;
}
function decodeUbloxSatellitesMessage(bytes) {
    //Skip header 0 and 1
    var len = bytes[1];
    var n_sat = bytes[2];
    var decoded = {
        N_sat: n_sat,
    };
    var i = 0;
    var idx = 2;
    var object = [];
    while (i < n_sat && idx < len - 1) {
        object[i] = {
            id: bytes[6 * i + 3],
            cn0: bytes[6 * i + 4],
            ele: bytes[6 * i + 5],
            azi: bytes[6 * i + 7] << 8 | bytes[6 * i + 6],
            con: get_constellation_name(bytes[6 * i + 8]),
        };
        decoded[String(1 + i)] = object[i];
        i++;
        idx += 6;
    }
    decoded["N_reported"] = i;
    return decoded;
}
function decodeReadFlashMessage(bytes) {
    var decoded = {};
    var msg_len = bytes.length;
    var i = 0;
    var port = 0;
    var len = 0;
    var msg = [];
    var msg_idx = 0;
    var timestamp = [];
    var object = [];
    var parsed_msg = {};
    while (i < msg_len - 7) {
        port = bytes[i]; //Read port
        //We do not need id
        len = bytes[i + 2]; //Read msg len
        msg = bytes.slice(i + 1, i + len + 3); //Slice message part
        i += len + 3;
        timestamp = bytes[i + 3] << 24 | bytes[i + 2] << 16 | bytes[i + 1] << 8 | bytes[i];
        i += 4;
        parsed_msg = {};
        if (port != 29) {
            parsed_msg = Decoder(msg, port);
        }
        object[msg_idx] = {
            data: parsed_msg,
            port: port,
            timestamp: timestamp,
        };
        decoded[String(1 + msg_idx)] = object[msg_idx];
        msg_idx++;
    }
    return decoded;
}

function decodeUbloxLocationMessageShort(bytes){
    var fix_timestamp = bytes[5] << 24 | bytes[4] << 16| bytes[3] << 8 | bytes[2];
    var latitude = bytes[9] << 24 | bytes[8] << 16| bytes[7] << 8 | bytes[6];
    latitude = latitude / 10000000; 
    var longitude = bytes[13] << 24 | bytes[12] << 16| bytes[11] << 8 | bytes[10];
    longitude = longitude / 10000000; 
    var h_acc_est = bytes[15] << 8 | bytes[14];
    var decoded = {
        fix_timestamp: fix_timestamp,
        latitude: latitude,
        longitude: longitude,
        h_acc_est: h_acc_est
    };
    return decoded;
}

function decodeDeviceMessage(bytes) {
    var len = bytes[1];
    var msg_len = bytes[2];
    var msg = bytes.slice(3, 3 + msg_len);
    var seq = bytes[3 + msg_len]
    var retry = bytes[4 + msg_len];

    var decoded = {
        len: len,
        msg_len: msg_len,
        msg: msg,
        seq: seq,
        retry: retry,
    };

    return decoded;
}

function decodedMemfault(bytes) {
    var len = bytes[1];
    var msg = bytes.slice(2);

    var decoded = {
        len: len,
        msg: msg,
    };

    return decoded;
}



function uint16(b1, b2) {
    return (b1 & 0xff) | ((b2 & 0xff) << 8);
}

function getBandDisplayName(start, stop) {
    if (start >= 1920 && stop <= 1980) {
        return "1";
    } else if (start >= 2110 && stop <= 2170) {
        return "1d";
    } else if (start >= 1710 && stop <= 1785) {
        return "3";
    } else if (start >= 1805 && stop <= 1880) {
        return "3d";
    } else if (start >= 2500 && stop <= 2570) {
        return "7";
    } else if (start >= 2620 && stop <= 2690) {
        return "7d";
    } else if (start >= 880 && stop <= 915) {
        return "8";
    } else if (start >= 925 && stop <= 960) {
        return "8d";
    } else if (start >= 832 && stop <= 862) {
        return "20";
    } else if (start >= 791 && stop <= 821) {
        return "20d";
    } else if (start >= 2401 && stop <= 2484) {
        return "wifi_bt";
    } else {
        return "unknown";
    }
}

function decodeRfScannerMessage(bytes) {
    var len = bytes[1];
    var msg = bytes.slice(2);
    var decoded = {
        version: msg[0],
        should_alert: msg[1],
    };
    var offset = 2;
    var range_len = 6;
    for (var i = 0; i < (len - offset) / range_len; i++) {
        var x = offset + range_len * i;
        var c = 0;
        var start = uint16(msg[x + c++], msg[x + c++]) / 10;
        var stop = uint16(msg[x + c++], msg[x + c++]) / 10;
        decoded["band_" + getBandDisplayName(start, stop)] = {
            start: start,
            stop: stop,
            peak_count: msg[x + c++],
            max_rssi: -msg[x + c++],
        };
    }
    return decoded;
}

function decodeFence(bytes) {
    //Skip header 0
    var len = bytes[1];
    var success = bytes[2];
    var N = bytes[3];
    var voltage = uint16(bytes[4], bytes[5]);
    var energy = uint16(bytes[6], bytes[7]);

    var decoded = {
        success: success,
        N: N,
        voltage: voltage,
        energy: energy,
    };

    return decoded;
}

function decodeFlashStatusMessage(bytes) {
    //Skip header 0
    var len = bytes[1];
    var percentage = bytes[2];
    var n_msg = bytes[6] << 24 | bytes[5] << 16 | bytes[4] << 8 | bytes[3];

    var decoded = {
        percentage: percentage,
        n_msg: n_msg,
    };

    return decoded;
}

function decodeBluetoothCMDQMessage(bytes) {
    const one_CMDQ_message_length = 15;
    var len = bytes[1];
    var n_res = Math.floor(len / one_CMDQ_message_length);
    var decoded = {};
    for(var i = 0; i < n_res; i++) {
        var offset = 2 + (i * one_CMDQ_message_length);
        var measurement_timestamp = ((bytes[offset + 3] & 0xff) << 24)| ((bytes[offset + 2] & 0xff) << 16) | ((bytes[offset + 1] & 0xff) << 8) | (bytes[offset] & 0xff);
        var rr_median = bytes[offset + 4];
        var rr_median_modesum = bytes[offset + 5];
        var activity_average = bytes[offset + 6];
        var activity_max = bytes[offset + 7];
        var active_min_in_last_hour = bytes[offset + 8];
        var raw_temperature = uint16(bytes[offset + 10], bytes[offset + 9]);
        var temperature = 0;
        var cmdq_success = 0;
        if (raw_temperature > 0) {
            temperature = (raw_temperature*0.0248) - 18.09;
            cmdq_success = 1;
        }
        var h_impedance = uint16(bytes[offset + 12], bytes[offset + 11]);
        var hrv_raw = uint16(bytes[offset + 14], bytes[offset + 13]);
        var hrv = Math.sqrt(hrv_raw);

        decoded[i]= {
            cmdq_timestamp: measurement_timestamp,
            cmdq_rr_median: rr_median,
            cmdq_rr_median_modesum: rr_median_modesum,
            cmdq_activity_average: activity_average,
            cmdq_activity_max: activity_max,
            cmdq_active_min_in_last_hour: active_min_in_last_hour,
            cmdq_temp: temperature,
            cmdq_raw_temp: raw_temperature,
            cmdq_h_impedance: h_impedance,
            cmdq_hrv: hrv,
            cmdq_hrv_raw: hrv_raw,
            cmdq_success:cmdq_success 
        }
    }
    return decoded;
}

function decodeOpenSkyDetection(bytes){
    var decoded = {};
    var len = bytes[1];
    var n_res = Math.floor(len / 2);
    for(var i = 0; i < n_res; i++) {
        decoded[i] = {
            average_rssi: -bytes[2 + (i * 2)],
            max_rssi: -bytes[3 + (i * 2)]
        }
    }
    return decoded;
}

function decodeLastPosition(bytes) {
    if (bytes[0] == 0xfe) {
        var value = bytes[5] << 24 | bytes[4] << 16 | bytes[3] << 8 | bytes[2];
        var latitude = value / 10000000; // gps latitude,units: °
        value = bytes[9] << 24 | bytes[8] << 16 | bytes[7] << 8 | bytes[6];
        var longitude = value / 10000000; // gps longitude,units: °
        value = bytes[13] << 24 | bytes[12] << 16 | bytes[11] << 8 | bytes[10];
        var altitude = value / 1000;
        var fix_time = bytes[17] << 24 | bytes[16] << 16 | bytes[15] << 8 | bytes[14];
        var decoded = {
            latitude: latitude,
            longitude: longitude,
            altitude: altitude,
            fix_time: fix_time,
        };
    };
    return decoded;
}

function decodeTimestamp(bytes) {
    var decoded = {};
    var len = bytes[1];
    if(len == 4){
        var timestamp = bytes[5] << 24 | bytes[4] << 16 | bytes[3] << 8 | bytes[2];
        decoded = {
            timestamp: timestamp,
        };
    }
    return decoded;
}

function Decoder(bytes, port) {
    // Decode an uplink message from a buffer
    // (array) of bytes to an object of fields.
    var decoded = {};
    if (port == 1) {
        decoded = decodeGNSSMessage(bytes);
    }
    else if (port == 2) {
        decoded = decodeUbloxLocationMessage(bytes);
    }
    else if (port == 4) {
        decoded = decodeStatusMessage(bytes);
    }
    else if (port == 5) {
        decoded = decodeLRSatellitesMessage(bytes);
    }
    else if (port == 6 || port == 7 || port == 10) {
        decoded = decodeScanMessage(bytes, port);
    }
    else if (port == 8) {
        decoded = decodeRfScannerMessage(bytes);
    }
    else if (port == 9) {
        decoded = decodeUbloxSatellitesMessage(bytes);
    }
    else if (port == 11) {
        decoded = decodeLastScanMessage(bytes);
    }
    else if (port == 12) {
        decoded = decodeFence(bytes);
    }
    else if (port == 13) {
        decoded = decodeUbloxLocationMessageShort(bytes);
    }
    else if (port == 14) {
        decoded = decodeFlashStatusMessage(bytes);
    }
    else if (port == 15) {
        decoded = decodeBluetoothCMDQMessage(bytes);
    }
    else if (port == 16) {
        decoded = decodeUbloxLocationMessageShort(bytes);
    }
    else if (port == 17) {
        decoded = decodeOpenSkyDetection(bytes);
    }
    else if (port == 18) {
        decoded = decodeTimestamp(bytes);
    }
    else if (port == 27) {
        decoded = decodedMemfault(bytes);
    }
    else if (port == 28) {
        decoded = decodeDeviceMessage(bytes);
    }
    else if (port == 29) {
        decoded = decodeReadFlashMessage(bytes);
    }
    else if (port == 31) {
        decoded = decodeLastPosition(bytes);
    }
    return decoded;
}

5.5 ChirpStack v4 decoder for firmware 6.1.x to 6.8.x: CSv4_Decoder_OpenCollar_Edge_v6.5.0.js

Source URL: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SmartParksOrg/smartparks-toolset/main/assets/Decoders/CSv4_Decoder_OpenCollar_Edge_v6.5.0.js (commit bb98fb81a633e320154d6ac5f4e36606d403e26e, 2024-07-27). CMDQ records are 13 bytes here (no HRV). CSv4_Decoder_OpenCollar_Edge_v6.1.2.js differs only in formatting and in naming the port 2 time field fix_time instead of fix_timestamp; CSv4_Decoder_OpenCollar_Edge_v4.4.3.js (firmware 4.4.x) additionally lacks the port 15 branch. d_opencollar_Edge_v2.js is the 4.4.3 code with a comment header and with the features byte parsing (sat_support, rf_scan, fence, sat_try) missing.

function decode_uint8(byte, min, max) {
    var val;
    val = byte * (max - min) / 255 + min;
    return val;
}
function decode_nav_payload(bytes, index, nav_len) {
    var nav_payload = "";
    var one_byte;
    var one_byte_str;
    // Skip first byte
    for (var i = 1; i < nav_len; i++) {
        one_byte = bytes[index + i];
        one_byte_str = one_byte.toString(16);
        if (one_byte_str.length == 1) {
            nav_payload += ("0" + one_byte_str);
        }
        else {
            nav_payload += one_byte_str;
        }
    }
    return nav_payload;
}
function get_constellation_name(id) {
    var name;
    if (id == 1) {
        name = "GPS";
    }
    else if (id == 2) {
        name = "GLONASS";
    }
    else if (id == 3) {
        name = "combined";
    }
    else if (id == 4) {
        name = "Galileo";
    }
    else if (id == 5) {
        name = "BeiDou";
    }
    else {
        name = "";
    }
    return name;
}
function decodeGNSSMessage(bytes) {
    //Skip header 0 and 1
    var nav_len = bytes[1];
    var decoded = {
        nav_payload: decode_nav_payload(bytes, 2, nav_len),
    };
    return decoded;
}
function decodeUbloxLocationMessage(bytes) {
    var success = bytes[2];
    var hot_retry = bytes[3];
    var cold_retry = bytes[4];
    var ttf = bytes[6] << 8 | bytes[5];
    var value = bytes[10] << 24 | bytes[9] << 16 | bytes[8] << 8 | bytes[7];
    var latitude = value / 10000000; // gps latitude,units: °
    value = bytes[14] << 24 | bytes[13] << 16 | bytes[12] << 8 | bytes[11];
    var longitude = value / 10000000; // gps longitude,units: °
    value = bytes[18] << 24 | bytes[17] << 16 | bytes[16] << 8 | bytes[15];
    var altitude = value / 1000;
    var fixType = bytes[19];
    var SIV = bytes[20];
    var h_acc_est = bytes[22] << 8 | bytes[21];
    var pDOP = bytes[23];
    var fix_time = bytes[27] << 24 | bytes[26] << 16 | bytes[25] << 8 | bytes[24];
    var active_tracking = bytes[28];
    value = bytes[29] << 8 | bytes[30];
    var cog = (value - 18000) / 100;
    var sog = bytes[31] * 3.6;
    var decoded = {
        latitude: latitude,
        longitude: longitude,
        altitude: altitude,
        success: success,
        hot_retry: hot_retry,
        cold_retry: cold_retry,
        ttf: ttf,
        fixType: fixType,
        SIV: SIV,
        h_acc_est: h_acc_est,
        pDOP: pDOP,
        fix_timestamp: fix_time,
        active_t: active_tracking,
    };

    if (active_tracking) {
        decoded["cog"] = cog;
        decoded["sog"] = sog;
    }
    return decoded;
}
function decodeStatusMessage(bytes) {
    //Skip header 0 and 1
    var reset = bytes[2];
    var err = bytes[3];
    var bat = (bytes[4] * 10) + 2500;
    var operation = bytes[5];
    var msg = 0;
    if (operation & 1) msg = 1;
    var locked = 0;
    if (operation & 2) locked = 1;
    var lr_join = 0;
    if (operation & 4) lr_join = 1;
    var lr_sat = operation >> 4;
    var temp = decode_uint8(bytes[6], -100, 100);
    var uptime = bytes[7];
    var acc_x = decode_uint8(bytes[8], -100, 100);
    var acc_y = decode_uint8(bytes[9], -100, 100);
    var acc_z = decode_uint8(bytes[10], -100, 100);
    var version = bytes[11];
    var ver_hw_minor = version & 0x0F;
    var ver_hw_major = version >> 4;
    version = bytes[12];
    var ver_fw_minor = version & 0x0F;
    var ver_fw_major = version >> 4;
    var ver_hw_type = bytes[13] & 0x0F;
    var ver_fw_type = bytes[13] >> 4;
    var chg = 0;
    if (bytes[14] > 0) chg = (bytes[14] * 100) + 5000;
    var features = bytes[15];
    var sat_support = 0;
    if (features & 1) sat_support = 1;
    var rf_scan = 0;
    if (features & 2) rf_scan = 1;
    var fence = 0;
    if (features & 4) fence = 1;
    var sat_try = features >> 4;
    //Errors
    var err_lr = 0;
    if (err & 1) err_lr = 1;
    var err_ble = 0;
    if (err & 2) err_ble = 1;
    var err_ublox = 0;
    if (err & 4) err_ublox = 1;
    var err_acc = 0;
    if (err & 8) err_acc = 1;
    var err_bat = 0;
    if (err & 16) err_bat = 1;
    var err_ublox_fix = 0;
    if (err & 32) err_ublox_fix = 1;
    var err_flash = 0;
    if (err & 64) err_flash = 1;
    var decoded = {
        reset: reset,
        bat: bat,
        chg: chg,
        temp: temp,
        uptime: uptime,
        locked: locked,
        msg: msg,
        acc_x: acc_x,
        acc_y: acc_y,
        acc_z: acc_z,
        lr_sat: lr_sat,
        err_lr: err_lr,
        err_lr_join: lr_join,
        err_ble: err_ble,
        err_ublox: err_ublox,
        err_acc: err_acc,
        err_bat: err_bat,
        err_ublox_fix: err_ublox_fix,
        err_flash: err_flash,
        ver_fw_major: ver_fw_major,
        ver_fw_minor: ver_fw_minor,
        ver_hw_major: ver_hw_major,
        ver_hw_minor: ver_hw_minor,
        ver_hw_type: ver_hw_type,
        ver_fw_type: ver_fw_type,
        sat_support: sat_support,
        sat_try: sat_try,
        rf_scan: rf_scan,
        fence: fence,
    };
    return decoded;
}
function decodeLRSatellitesMessage(bytes) {
    //Skip header 0
    var len = bytes[1];
    var n_sat = bytes[2];
    var decoded = {
        N_sat: n_sat,
    };
    var i = 0;
    var idx = 2;
    var object = [];
    while (i < n_sat && idx < len) {
        object[i] = {
            id: bytes[2 * i + 3],
            cnr: bytes[2 * i + 4],
        };
        decoded[String(1 + i)] = object[i];
        i++;
        idx += 2;
    }
    decoded["N_reported"] = i;
    return decoded;
}
function decodeScanMessage(bytes, fPort) {
    //Skip header 0
    var len = bytes[1];
    var n_wifi_res = bytes[2];
    var decoded = {};
    if (fPort == 6 || fPort == 10) {
        decoded = {
            N_wifi_res: n_wifi_res,
        };
    }
    else {
        decoded = {
            N_BT_res: n_wifi_res,
        };
    }
    var i = 0;
    var idx = 0;
    var object = [];
    var mac = [];
    while (i < n_wifi_res && idx < len - 1) {
        mac[i] = "";
        for (var j = 2; j > 0; j--) {
            mac[i] = mac[i].concat(bytes[3 + i * 9 + j].toString(16) + ":");
        }
        mac[i] = mac[i].concat(bytes[3 + i * 9 + 0].toString(16));
        object[i] = {
            rssi: bytes[3 + i * 9 + 3] - 128,
            count: bytes[3 + i * 9 + 4],
            mac: mac[i],
            t: bytes[3 + i * 9 + 8] << 24 | bytes[3 + i * 9 + 7] << 16 | bytes[3 + i * 9 + 6] << 8 | bytes[3 + i * 9 + 5],
        };
        decoded[String(1 + i)] = object[i];
        i++;
        idx += 9;
    }
    return decoded;
}
function decodeLastScanMessage(bytes) {
    //Skip header 0
    var len = bytes[1];
    var timestamp = bytes[5] << 24 | bytes[4] << 16 | bytes[3] << 8 | bytes[2];
    var n_wifi_res = bytes[6];
    var decoded = {
        N_BT_res: n_wifi_res,
        t: timestamp,
    };
    var i = 0;
    var idx = 5; //Set index to end of timestamp and data count
    var object = [];
    var mac = [];
    while (i < n_wifi_res && idx < len - 1) {
        mac[i] = "";
        for (var j = 2; j > 0; j--) {
            mac[i] = mac[i].concat(bytes[7 + i * 4 + j].toString(16) + ":");
        }
        mac[i] = mac[i].concat(bytes[7 + i * 4 + 0].toString(16));
        object[i] = {
            rssi: bytes[7 + i * 4 + 3] - 128,
            mac: mac[i],
        };
        decoded[String(1 + i)] = object[i];
        i++;
        idx += 4;
    }
    return decoded;
}
function decodeUbloxSatellitesMessage(bytes) {
    //Skip header 0 and 1
    var len = bytes[1];
    var n_sat = bytes[2];
    var decoded = {
        N_sat: n_sat,
    };
    var i = 0;
    var idx = 2;
    var object = [];
    while (i < n_sat && idx < len - 1) {
        object[i] = {
            id: bytes[6 * i + 3],
            cn0: bytes[6 * i + 4],
            ele: bytes[6 * i + 5],
            azi: bytes[6 * i + 7] << 8 | bytes[6 * i + 6],
            con: get_constellation_name(bytes[6 * i + 8]),
        };
        decoded[String(1 + i)] = object[i];
        i++;
        idx += 6;
    }
    decoded["N_reported"] = i;
    return decoded;
}
function decodeReadFlashMessage(bytes) {
    var decoded = {};
    var msg_len = bytes.length;
    var i = 0;
    var fPort = 0;
    var len = 0;
    var msg = [];
    var msg_idx = 0;
    var timestamp = [];
    var object = [];
    var parsed_msg = {};
    while (i < msg_len - 7) {
        fPort = bytes[i]; //Read fPort
        //We do not need id
        len = bytes[i + 2]; //Read msg len
        msg = bytes.slice(i + 1, i + len + 3); //Slice message part
        i += len + 3;
        timestamp = bytes[i + 3] << 24 | bytes[i + 2] << 16 | bytes[i + 1] << 8 | bytes[i];
        i += 4;
        parsed_msg = {};
        if (fPort != 29) {
            parsed_msg = Decoder(msg, fPort);
        }
        object[msg_idx] = {
            data: parsed_msg,
            fPort: fPort,
            timestamp: timestamp,
        };
        decoded[String(1 + msg_idx)] = object[msg_idx];
        msg_idx++;
    }
    return decoded;
}

function decodeUbloxLocationMessageShort(bytes){
    var fix_timestamp = bytes[5] << 24 | bytes[4] << 16| bytes[3] << 8 | bytes[2];
    var latitude = bytes[9] << 24 | bytes[8] << 16| bytes[7] << 8 | bytes[6];
    latitude = latitude / 10000000; 
    var longitude = bytes[13] << 24 | bytes[12] << 16| bytes[11] << 8 | bytes[10];
    longitude = longitude / 10000000; 
    var h_acc_est = bytes[15] << 8 | bytes[14];
    var decoded = {
        fix_timestamp: fix_timestamp,
        latitude: latitude,
        longitude: longitude,
        h_acc_est: h_acc_est
    };
    return decoded;
}

function decodeDeviceMessage(bytes) {
    var len = bytes[1];
    var msg_len = bytes[2];
    var msg = bytes.slice(3, 3 + msg_len);
    var seq = bytes[3 + msg_len]
    var retry = bytes[4 + msg_len];

    var decoded = {
        len: len,
        msg_len: msg_len,
        msg: msg,
        seq: seq,
        retry: retry,
    };

    return decoded;
}

function decodedMemfault(bytes) {
    var len = bytes[1];
    var msg = bytes.slice(2);

    var decoded = {
        len: len,
        msg: msg,
    };

    return decoded;
}



function uint16(b1, b2) {
    return (b1 & 0xff) | ((b2 & 0xff) << 8);
}

function getBandDisplayName(start, stop) {
    if (start >= 1920 && stop <= 1980) {
        return "1";
    } else if (start >= 2110 && stop <= 2170) {
        return "1d";
    } else if (start >= 1710 && stop <= 1785) {
        return "3";
    } else if (start >= 1805 && stop <= 1880) {
        return "3d";
    } else if (start >= 2500 && stop <= 2570) {
        return "7";
    } else if (start >= 2620 && stop <= 2690) {
        return "7d";
    } else if (start >= 880 && stop <= 915) {
        return "8";
    } else if (start >= 925 && stop <= 960) {
        return "8d";
    } else if (start >= 832 && stop <= 862) {
        return "20";
    } else if (start >= 791 && stop <= 821) {
        return "20d";
    } else if (start >= 2401 && stop <= 2484) {
        return "wifi_bt";
    } else {
        return "unknown";
    }
}

function decodeRfScannerMessage(bytes) {
    var len = bytes[1];
    var msg = bytes.slice(2);
    var decoded = {
        version: msg[0],
        should_alert: msg[1],
    };
    var offset = 2;
    var range_len = 6;
    for (var i = 0; i < (len - offset) / range_len; i++) {
        var x = offset + range_len * i;
        var c = 0;
        start = uint16(msg[x + c++], msg[x + c++]) / 10;
        stop = uint16(msg[x + c++], msg[x + c++]) / 10;
        decoded["band_" + getBandDisplayName(start, stop)] = {
            start: start,
            stop: stop,
            peak_count: msg[x + c++],
            max_rssi: -msg[x + c++],
        };
    }
    return decoded;
}

function decodeFence(bytes) {
    //Skip header 0
    var len = bytes[1];
    var success = bytes[2];
    var N = bytes[3];
    var voltage = uint16(bytes[4], bytes[5]);
    var energy = uint16(bytes[6], bytes[7]);

    var decoded = {
        success: success,
        N: N,
        voltage: voltage,
        energy: energy,
    };

    return decoded;
}

function decodeFlashStatusMessage(bytes) {
    //Skip header 0
    var len = bytes[1];
    var percentage = bytes[2];
    var n_msg = bytes[6] << 24 | bytes[5] << 16 | bytes[4] << 8 | bytes[3];

    var decoded = {
        percentage: percentage,
        n_msg: n_msg,
    };

    return decoded;
}

function decodeBluetoothCMDQMessage(bytes) {
    var len = bytes[1];
    var n_res = Math.floor(len / 13);
    var decoded = {};
    for(var i = 0; i < n_res; i++) {
        var offset = 2 + (i * 13);
        var measurement_timestamp = ((bytes[offset + 3] & 0xff) << 24)| ((bytes[offset + 2] & 0xff) << 16) | ((bytes[offset + 1] & 0xff) << 8) | (bytes[offset] & 0xff);
        var rr_median = bytes[offset + 4];
        var rr_median_modesum = bytes[offset + 5];
        var activity_average = bytes[offset + 6];
        var activity_max = bytes[offset + 7];
        var active_min_in_last_hour = bytes[offset + 8];
        var raw_temperature = uint16(bytes[offset + 10], bytes[offset + 9]);
        var temperature = 0;
        var cmdq_success = 0;
        if (raw_temperature > 0) {
            temperature = (raw_temperature*0.0248) - 18.09;
            cmdq_success = 1;
        }
        var h_impedance = uint16(bytes[offset + 12], bytes[offset + 11]); 
        decoded[i]= {
            cmdq_timestamp: measurement_timestamp,
            cmdq_rr_median: rr_median,
            cmdq_rr_median_modesum: rr_median_modesum,
            cmdq_activity_average: activity_average,
            cmdq_activity_max: activity_max,
            cmdq_active_min_in_last_hour: active_min_in_last_hour,
            cmdq_temp: temperature,
            cmdq_raw_temp: raw_temperature,
            cmdq_h_impedance: h_impedance,
            cmdq_success:cmdq_success 
        }
    }
    return decoded;
}

function decodeOpenSkyDetection(bytes){
    var decoded = {};
    var len = bytes[1];
    var n_res = Math.floor(len / 2);
    for(var i = 0; i < n_res; i++) {
        decoded[i] = {
            average_rssi: -bytes[2 + (i * 2)],
            max_rssi: -bytes[3 + (i * 2)]
        }
    }
    return decoded;
}

function decodeLastPosition(bytes) {
    if (bytes[0] == 0xfe) {
    var value = bytes[5] << 24 | bytes[4] << 16 | bytes[3] << 8 | bytes[2];
    var latitude = value / 10000000; // gps latitude,units: °
    value = bytes[9] << 24 | bytes[8] << 16 | bytes[7] << 8 | bytes[6];
    var longitude = value / 10000000; // gps longitude,units: °
    value = bytes[13] << 24 | bytes[12] << 16 | bytes[11] << 8 | bytes[10];
    var altitude = value / 1000;
    var fix_time = bytes[17] << 24 | bytes[16] << 16 | bytes[15] << 8 | bytes[14];
    var decoded = {
        latitude: latitude,
        longitude: longitude,
        altitude: altitude,
        fix_time: fix_time,
    };
  };
    return decoded;
  }

function Decode(fPort, bytes, variables) {
    // Decode an uplink message from a buffer
    // (array) of bytes to an object of fields.
    var decoded = {};
    if (fPort == 1) {
        decoded = decodeGNSSMessage(bytes);
    }
    else if (fPort == 2) {
        decoded = decodeUbloxLocationMessage(bytes);
    }
    else if (fPort == 4) {
        decoded = decodeStatusMessage(bytes);
    }
    else if (fPort == 5) {
        decoded = decodeLRSatellitesMessage(bytes);
    }
    else if (fPort == 6 || fPort == 7 || fPort == 10) {
        decoded = decodeScanMessage(bytes, fPort);
    }
    else if (fPort == 8) {
        decoded = decodeRfScannerMessage(bytes);
    }
    else if (fPort == 9) {
        decoded = decodeUbloxSatellitesMessage(bytes);
    }
    else if (fPort == 11) {
        decoded = decodeLastScanMessage(bytes);
    }
    else if (fPort == 12) {
        decoded = decodeFence(bytes);
    }
    else if (fPort == 13) {
        decoded = decodeUbloxLocationMessageShort(bytes);
    }
    else if (fPort == 14) {
        decoded = decodeFlashStatusMessage(bytes);
    }
    else if (fPort == 15) {
        decoded = decodeBluetoothCMDQMessage(bytes);
    }
    else if (fPort == 16) {
        decoded = decodeUbloxLocationMessageShort(bytes);
    }
    else if (fPort == 17) {
        decoded = decodeOpenSkyDetection(bytes);
    }
    else if (fPort == 27) {
        decoded = decodedMemfault(bytes);
    }
    else if (fPort == 28) {
        decoded = decodeDeviceMessage(bytes);
    }
    else if (fPort == 29) {
        decoded = decodeReadFlashMessage(bytes);
    }
    else if (fPort == 31) {
        decoded = decodeLastPosition(bytes);
    }
    return decoded;
}

// v3 to v4 compatibility wrapper
function decodeUplink(input) {
  return {
    data: Decode(input.fPort, input.bytes, input.variables)
  };
}

5.6 Legacy first generation OpenCollar decoders and encoders (not for Edge devices)

These describe the STM32 based OpenCollar trackers (2019 to 2021): GPS on port 1 (24 bit packed lat/lon), status on port 12, settings block on port 3, location history on port 11, VSWR on port 30, commands on port 99. They are listed because the toolset offers them next to the Edge decoders and because the TTN device repository entry for Smart Parks (lorawan-devices) only describes this generation (firmware 2.6, hardware 2.3, ABP EU868 profile).

d_opencollar_tracker_v1.js, https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SmartParksOrg/smartparks-toolset/main/assets/Decoders/d_opencollar_tracker_v1.js (commit bb98fb8):

//note some values need to be tuned to the hardware in here, make sure to do so
function get_num(x, min, max, precision, round) {

  var range = max - min;
  var new_range = (Math.pow(2, precision) - 1) / range;
  var back_x = x / new_range;

  if (back_x === 0) {
    back_x = min;
  } else if (back_x === (max - min)) {
    back_x = max;
  } else {
    back_x += min;
  }
  return Math.round(back_x * Math.pow(10, round)) / Math.pow(10, round);
}

// TTN decoder function, using the ChripStack decoder
function Decoder(bytes) {
  return Decode(port, bytes);
}

// ChirpStack decode function
function Decode(fPort, bytes) {

  var decoded = {};
  var cnt = 0;
  var resetCause_dict = {
    0: "POWERON",
    1: "EXTERNAL",
    2: "SOFTWARE",
    3: "WATCHDOG",
    4: "FIREWALL",
    5: "OTHER",
    6: "STANDBY"
  };


  // settings
  if (fPort === 3) {
    decoded.system_status_interval = (bytes[1] << 8) | bytes[0];
    decoded.system_functions = {};//bytes[2];
    decoded.system_functions.gps_periodic = ((bytes[2] >> 0) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions.gps_triggered = ((bytes[2] >> 1) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions.gps_hot_fix = ((bytes[2] >> 2) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions.accelerometer_enabled = ((bytes[2] >> 3) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions.light_enabled = ((bytes[2] >> 4) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions.temperature_enabled = ((bytes[2] >> 5) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions.humidity_enabled = ((bytes[2] >> 6) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions.charging_enabled = ((bytes[2] >> 7) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;

    decoded.lorawan_datarate_adr = {};//bytes[3];
    decoded.lorawan_datarate_adr.datarate = bytes[3] & 0x0f;
    decoded.lorawan_datarate_adr.confirmed_uplink = ((bytes[3] >> 6) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.lorawan_datarate_adr.adr = ((bytes[3] >> 7) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;

    decoded.gps_periodic_interval = (bytes[5] << 8) | bytes[4];
    decoded.gps_triggered_interval = (bytes[7] << 8) | bytes[6];
    decoded.gps_triggered_threshold = bytes[8];
    decoded.gps_triggered_duration = bytes[9];
    decoded.gps_cold_fix_timeout = (bytes[11] << 8) | bytes[10];
    decoded.gps_hot_fix_timeout = (bytes[13] << 8) | bytes[12];
    decoded.gps_min_fix_time = bytes[14];
    decoded.gps_min_ehpe = bytes[15];
    decoded.gps_hot_fix_retry = bytes[16];
    decoded.gps_cold_fix_retry = bytes[17];
    decoded.gps_fail_retry = bytes[18];
    decoded.gps_settings = {};//bytes[19];
    decoded.gps_settings.d3_fix = ((bytes[19] >> 0) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.gps_settings.fail_backoff = ((bytes[19] >> 1) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.gps_settings.hot_fix = ((bytes[19] >> 2) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.gps_settings.fully_resolved = ((bytes[19] >> 3) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_voltage_interval = bytes[20];
    decoded.gps_charge_min = bytes[21] * 10 + 2500;
    decoded.system_charge_min = bytes[22] * 10 + 2500;
    decoded.system_charge_max = bytes[23] * 10 + 2500;
    decoded.system_input_charge_min = (bytes[25] << 8) | bytes[24];
    decoded.pulse_threshold = bytes[26];
    decoded.pulse_on_timeout = bytes[27];
    decoded.pulse_min_interval = (bytes[29] << 8) | bytes[28];
    decoded.gps_accel_z_threshold = ((bytes[31] << 8) | bytes[30]) - 2000;
    decoded.fw_version = (bytes[33] << 8) | bytes[32];
  } else if (fPort === 12) {
    decoded.resetCause = resetCause_dict[bytes[0] & 0x07];
    decoded.system_state_timeout = bytes[0] >> 3;
    decoded.battery = bytes[1] * 10 + 2500; // result in mV
    decoded.temperature = get_num(bytes[2], -20, 80, 8, 1);
    decoded.system_functions_errors = {};//bytes[5];
    decoded.system_functions_errors.gps_periodic_error = ((bytes[3] >> 0) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.gps_triggered_error = ((bytes[3] >> 1) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.gps_fix_error = ((bytes[3] >> 2) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.accelerometer_error = ((bytes[3] >> 3) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.light_error = ((bytes[3] >> 4) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.charging_status = (bytes[3] >> 5) & 0x07;
    decoded.latitude = ((bytes[4] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[5] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[6];
    decoded.longitude = ((bytes[7] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[8] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[9];
    if (decoded.latitude !== 0 && decoded.longitude !== 0) {
      decoded.latitude = (decoded.latitude / 16777215.0 * 180) - 90;
      decoded.longitude = (decoded.longitude / 16777215.0 * 360) - 180;
      decoded.latitude = Math.round(decoded.latitude * 100000) / 100000;
      decoded.longitude = Math.round(decoded.longitude * 100000) / 100000;
    }
    decoded.gps_resend = bytes[10];
    decoded.accelx = get_num(bytes[11], -2000, 2000, 8, 1);
    decoded.accely = get_num(bytes[12], -2000, 2000, 8, 1);
    decoded.accelz = get_num(bytes[13], -2000, 2000, 8, 1);
    decoded.battery_low = (bytes[15] << 8) | bytes[14];
    ; // result in mV
    decoded.gps_on_time_total = (bytes[17] << 8) | bytes[16];
    decoded.gps_time = bytes[18] | (bytes[19] << 8) | (bytes[20] << 16) | (bytes[21] << 24);
    var d = new Date(decoded.gps_time * 1000);
    decoded.gps_time_decoded = d.toLocaleString();
    decoded.pulse_counter = bytes[22];
    decoded.pulse_energy = (bytes[23] << 4) | (bytes[24] | (bytes[25] << 8) >> 12);
    decoded.pulse_voltage = (bytes[24] | (bytes[25] << 8)) & 0x0fff;
    decoded.voltage_fence_v = decoded.pulse_voltage * 8;
  } else if (fPort === 1) {
    decoded.latitude = ((bytes[cnt++] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[cnt++] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[cnt++];
    decoded.longitude = ((bytes[cnt++] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[cnt++] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[cnt++];
    if (decoded.latitude !== 0 && decoded.longitude !== 0) {
      decoded.latitude = (decoded.latitude / 16777215.0 * 180) - 90;
      decoded.longitude = (decoded.longitude / 16777215.0 * 360) - 180;
      decoded.latitude = Math.round(decoded.latitude * 100000) / 100000;
      decoded.longitude = Math.round(decoded.longitude * 100000) / 100000;
    }
    decoded.alt = bytes[cnt++] | (bytes[cnt++] << 8);
    decoded.satellites = (bytes[cnt] >> 4);
    decoded.hdop = (bytes[cnt++] & 0x0f);
    decoded.time_to_fix = bytes[cnt++];
    decoded.epe = bytes[cnt++];
    decoded.snr = bytes[cnt++];
    decoded.lux = bytes[cnt++];
    decoded.motion = bytes[cnt++];
    decoded.time = bytes[cnt++] | (bytes[cnt++] << 8) | (bytes[cnt++] << 16) | (bytes[cnt++] << 24);
    var d = new Date(decoded.time * 1000);
    decoded.time_decoded = d.toLocaleString();
  } else if (fPort === 11) {
    var locations = [];
    for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
      var location = {}
      location.latitude = ((bytes[cnt++] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[cnt++] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[cnt++];
      location.longitude = ((bytes[cnt++] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[cnt++] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[cnt++];
      if (location.latitude !== 0 && location.longitude !== 0) {
        location.latitude = (location.latitude / 16777215.0 * 180) - 90;
        location.longitude = (location.longitude / 16777215.0 * 360) - 180;
        location.latitude = Math.round(location.latitude * 100000) / 100000;
        location.longitude = Math.round(location.longitude * 100000) / 100000;
      }
      location.time = bytes[cnt++] | (bytes[cnt++] << 8) | (bytes[cnt++] << 16) | (bytes[cnt++] << 24);
      var d = new Date(location.time * 1000);
      location.time_decoded = d.toLocaleString();
      locations.push(location);
    }
    decoded.locations = JSON.stringify(locations);
  } else if (fPort === 30) {
    var vswr = [];
    for (i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
      var value = (bytes[i]);
      vswr.push(value);
    }
    decoded.vswr = vswr;
  }

  return decoded;
}

d_opencollar_v3.js, https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SmartParksOrg/smartparks-toolset/main/assets/Decoders/d_opencollar_v3.js (commit bb98fb8; port 11 holds 20 packed locations with minute resolution time since 1600000000, port 12 adds downlink_counter):

//note some values need to be tuned to the hardware in here, make sure to do so
function get_num(x, min, max, precision, round) {

  var range = max - min;
  var new_range = (Math.pow(2, precision) - 1) / range;
  var back_x = x / new_range;

  if (back_x === 0) {
    back_x = min;
  }
  else if (back_x === (max - min)) {
    back_x = max;
  }
  else {
    back_x += min;
  }
  return Math.round(back_x * Math.pow(10, round)) / Math.pow(10, round);
}

// TTN decoder function, using the ChripStack decoder
function Decoder(bytes) {
  return Decoder(port, bytes);
}

// ChirpStack decode function
function Decode(port, bytes) {

  var decoded = {};
  var cnt = 0;
  var resetCause_dict = {
    0: "POWERON",
    1: "EXTERNAL",
    2: "SOFTWARE",
    3: "WATCHDOG",
    4: "FIREWALL",
    5: "OTHER",
    6: "STANDBY"
  };


  // settings
  if (port === 3) {
    decoded.system_status_interval = (bytes[1] << 8) | bytes[0];
    decoded.system_functions = {};//bytes[2];
    decoded.system_functions.gps_periodic = ((bytes[2] >> 0) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions.gps_triggered = ((bytes[2] >> 1) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions.gps_hot_fix = ((bytes[2] >> 2) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions.accelerometer_enabled = ((bytes[2] >> 3) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions.light_enabled = ((bytes[2] >> 4) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions.temperature_enabled = ((bytes[2] >> 5) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions.humidity_enabled = ((bytes[2] >> 6) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions.charging_enabled = ((bytes[2] >> 7) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;

    decoded.lorawan_datarate_adr = {};//bytes[3];
    decoded.lorawan_datarate_adr.datarate = bytes[3] & 0x0f;
    decoded.lorawan_datarate_adr.confirmed_uplink = ((bytes[3] >> 6) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.lorawan_datarate_adr.adr = ((bytes[3] >> 7) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;

    decoded.gps_periodic_interval = (bytes[5] << 8) | bytes[4];
    decoded.gps_triggered_interval = (bytes[7] << 8) | bytes[6];
    decoded.gps_triggered_threshold = bytes[8];
    decoded.gps_triggered_duration = bytes[9];
    decoded.gps_cold_fix_timeout = (bytes[11] << 8) | bytes[10];
    decoded.gps_hot_fix_timeout = (bytes[13] << 8) | bytes[12];
    decoded.gps_min_fix_time = bytes[14];
    decoded.gps_min_ehpe = bytes[15];
    decoded.gps_hot_fix_retry = bytes[16];
    decoded.gps_cold_fix_retry = bytes[17];
    decoded.gps_fail_retry = bytes[18];
    decoded.gps_settings = {};//bytes[19];
    decoded.gps_settings.d3_fix = ((bytes[19] >> 0) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.gps_settings.fail_backoff = ((bytes[19] >> 1) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.gps_settings.hot_fix = ((bytes[19] >> 2) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.gps_settings.fully_resolved = ((bytes[19] >> 3) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_voltage_interval = bytes[20];
    decoded.gps_charge_min = bytes[21]*10+2500;
    decoded.system_charge_min = bytes[22]*10+2500;
    decoded.system_charge_max = bytes[23]*10+2500;
    decoded.system_input_charge_min = (bytes[25] << 8) | bytes[24];
    decoded.pulse_threshold = bytes[26];
    decoded.pulse_on_timeout = bytes[27];
    decoded.pulse_min_interval = (bytes[29] << 8) | bytes[28];
    decoded.gps_accel_z_threshold = ((bytes[31] << 8) | bytes[30])-2000;
    decoded.fw_version = (bytes[33] << 8) | bytes[32];
  }
  else if (port === 12) {
    decoded.resetCause = resetCause_dict[bytes[0]&0x07];
    decoded.system_state_timeout = bytes[0]>>3;
    decoded.battery = bytes[1]*10+2500; // result in mV
    decoded.temperature = get_num(bytes[2], -20, 80, 8, 1);
    decoded.system_functions_errors = {};//bytes[5];
    decoded.system_functions_errors.gps_periodic_error = ((bytes[3] >> 0) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.gps_triggered_error = ((bytes[3] >> 1) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.gps_fix_error = ((bytes[3] >> 2) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.accelerometer_error = ((bytes[3] >> 3) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.light_error = ((bytes[3] >> 4) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.charging_status = (bytes[3] >> 5) & 0x07;
    decoded.lat = ((bytes[4] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[5] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[6];
    decoded.lon = ((bytes[7] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[8] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[9];
    if(decoded.lat!==0 && decoded.lon!==0){
      decoded.lat = (decoded.lat / 16777215.0 * 180) - 90;
      decoded.lon = (decoded.lon / 16777215.0 * 360) - 180;
      decoded.lat = Math.round(decoded.lat*100000)/100000;
      decoded.lon = Math.round(decoded.lon*100000)/100000;
    }
    decoded.gps_resend = bytes[10];
    decoded.accelx = get_num(bytes[11], -2000, 2000, 8, 1);
    decoded.accely = get_num(bytes[12], -2000, 2000, 8, 1);
    decoded.accelz = get_num(bytes[13], -2000, 2000, 8, 1);
    decoded.battery_low = (bytes[15] << 8) | bytes[14];; // result in mV
    decoded.gps_on_time_total = (bytes[17] << 8) | bytes[16];
    decoded.gps_time = bytes[18] | (bytes[19] << 8) | (bytes[20] << 16) | (bytes[21] << 24);
    var d= new Date(decoded.gps_time*1000);
    decoded.gps_time_decoded = d.toLocaleString();
    decoded.pulse_counter = bytes[22];
    decoded.pulse_energy = (bytes[23]<<4) | (bytes[24] | (bytes[25] << 8)>>12);
    decoded.pulse_voltage = (bytes[24] | (bytes[25] << 8)) & 0x0fff;
    decoded.voltage_fence_v = decoded.pulse_voltage * 8;
    decoded.downlink_counter = (bytes[26] | (bytes[27] << 8));
  }
  else if (port === 1) {
    decoded.lat = ((bytes[cnt++] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[cnt++] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[cnt++];
    decoded.lon = ((bytes[cnt++] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[cnt++] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[cnt++];
    if(decoded.lat!==0 && decoded.lon!==0){
      decoded.lat = (decoded.lat / 16777215.0 * 180) - 90;
      decoded.lon = (decoded.lon / 16777215.0 * 360) - 180;
      decoded.lat = Math.round(decoded.lat*100000)/100000;
      decoded.lon = Math.round(decoded.lon*100000)/100000;
    }
    decoded.alt = bytes[cnt++] | (bytes[cnt++] << 8);
    decoded.satellites = (bytes[cnt] >> 4);
    decoded.hdop = (bytes[cnt++] & 0x0f);
    decoded.time_to_fix = bytes[cnt++];
    decoded.epe = bytes[cnt++];
    decoded.snr = bytes[cnt++];
    decoded.lux = bytes[cnt++];
    decoded.motion = bytes[cnt++];
    decoded.gps_time = bytes[cnt++] | (bytes[cnt++] << 8) | (bytes[cnt++] << 16) | (bytes[cnt++] << 24);
    var d= new Date(decoded.gps_time*1000);
    decoded.gps_time_decoded = d.toLocaleString();
  }
  else if (port === 11) {
    var locations=[];
    for(i = 0; i < 20; i++){
      var location={}
      location.lat = ((bytes[cnt++] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[cnt++] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[cnt++];
      location.lon = ((bytes[cnt++] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[cnt++] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[cnt++];
      location.gps_time = ((bytes[cnt++] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[cnt++] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[cnt++];
      location.gps_time = location.gps_time * 60 + 1600000000;
      var d= new Date(location.gps_time*1000);
      location.gps_time_decoded = d.toLocaleString();
      var fix_stats= bytes[cnt++];
      location.motion = fix_stats>>7;
      location.epe = ((fix_stats>>4)&0x07)*12;
      location.ttf = (fix_stats&0x0f)*5;
      if(location.lat!==0 && location.lon!==0){
        location.lat = (location.lat / 16777215.0 * 180) - 90;
        location.lon = (location.lon / 16777215.0 * 360) - 180;
        location.lat = Math.round(location.lat*100000)/100000;
        location.lon = Math.round(location.lon*100000)/100000;
        // push only valid locations
        locations.push(location);
      }
    }
    decoded.locations=JSON.stringify(locations);
  }
  else if (port === 30) {
    var vswr=[];
    for(i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++){
      var value=(bytes[i]);
      vswr.push(value);
    }
    decoded.vswr=vswr;
  }

  return decoded;
}

d_opencollar_fence_v2.js, https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SmartParksOrg/smartparks-toolset/main/assets/Decoders/d_opencollar_fence_v2.js (commit bb98fb8; first generation fence monitor, fence_calibration_factor variable, default 8):

//note some values need to be tuned to the hardware in here, make sure to do so
function get_num(x, min, max, precision, round) {

  var range = max - min;
  var new_range = (Math.pow(2, precision) - 1) / range;
  var back_x = x / new_range;

  if (back_x === 0) {
    back_x = min;
  } else if (back_x === (max - min)) {
    back_x = max;
  } else {
    back_x += min;
  }
  return Math.round(back_x * Math.pow(10, round)) / Math.pow(10, round);
}

// TTN decoder function, using the ChripStack decoder
function Decoder(bytes) {
  return Decode(port, bytes, null);
}

// ChirpStack decode function
function Decode(fPort, bytes, variables) {
  if (!variables) {
    variables = {};
  }
  if (!variables.fence_calibration_factor) {
    variables.fence_calibration_factor = 8;
  }
  var decoded = {};
  var cnt = 0;
  var resetCause_dict = {
    0: "POWERON",
    1: "EXTERNAL",
    2: "SOFTWARE",
    3: "WATCHDOG",
    4: "FIREWALL",
    5: "OTHER",
    6: "STANDBY"
  };


  // settings
  if (fPort === 3) {
    decoded.system_status_interval = (bytes[1] << 8) | bytes[0];
    decoded.system_functions = {};//bytes[2];
    decoded.system_functions.gps_periodic = ((bytes[2] >> 0) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions.gps_triggered = ((bytes[2] >> 1) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions.gps_hot_fix = ((bytes[2] >> 2) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions.accelerometer_enabled = ((bytes[2] >> 3) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions.light_enabled = ((bytes[2] >> 4) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions.temperature_enabled = ((bytes[2] >> 5) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions.humidity_enabled = ((bytes[2] >> 6) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions.charging_enabled = ((bytes[2] >> 7) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;

    decoded.lorawan_datarate_adr = {};//bytes[3];
    decoded.lorawan_datarate_adr.datarate = bytes[3] & 0x0f;
    decoded.lorawan_datarate_adr.confirmed_uplink = ((bytes[3] >> 6) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.lorawan_datarate_adr.adr = ((bytes[3] >> 7) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;

    decoded.gps_periodic_interval = (bytes[5] << 8) | bytes[4];
    decoded.gps_triggered_interval = (bytes[7] << 8) | bytes[6];
    decoded.gps_triggered_threshold = bytes[8];
    decoded.gps_triggered_duration = bytes[9];
    decoded.gps_cold_fix_timeout = (bytes[11] << 8) | bytes[10];
    decoded.gps_hot_fix_timeout = (bytes[13] << 8) | bytes[12];
    decoded.gps_min_fix_time = bytes[14];
    decoded.gps_min_ehpe = bytes[15];
    decoded.gps_hot_fix_retry = bytes[16];
    decoded.gps_cold_fix_retry = bytes[17];
    decoded.gps_fail_retry = bytes[18];
    decoded.gps_settings = {};//bytes[19];
    decoded.gps_settings.d3_fix = ((bytes[19] >> 0) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.gps_settings.fail_backoff = ((bytes[19] >> 1) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.gps_settings.hot_fix = ((bytes[19] >> 2) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.gps_settings.fully_resolved = ((bytes[19] >> 3) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_voltage_interval = bytes[20];
    decoded.gps_charge_min = bytes[21] * 10 + 2500;
    decoded.system_charge_min = bytes[22] * 10 + 2500;
    decoded.system_charge_max = bytes[23] * 10 + 2500;
    decoded.system_input_charge_min = (bytes[25] << 8) | bytes[24];
    decoded.pulse_threshold = bytes[26];
    decoded.pulse_on_timeout = bytes[27];
    decoded.pulse_min_interval = (bytes[29] << 8) | bytes[28];
    decoded.gps_accel_z_threshold = ((bytes[31] << 8) | bytes[30]) - 2000;
    decoded.fw_version = (bytes[33] << 8) | bytes[32];
  } else if (fPort === 12) {
    decoded.resetCause = resetCause_dict[bytes[0] & 0x07];
    decoded.system_state_timeout = bytes[0] >> 3;
    decoded.battery = bytes[1] * 10 + 2500; // result in mV
    decoded.temperature = get_num(bytes[2], -20, 80, 8, 1);
    decoded.system_functions_errors = {};//bytes[5];
    decoded.system_functions_errors.gps_periodic_error = ((bytes[3] >> 0) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.gps_triggered_error = ((bytes[3] >> 1) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.gps_fix_error = ((bytes[3] >> 2) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.accelerometer_error = ((bytes[3] >> 3) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.light_error = ((bytes[3] >> 4) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.charging_status = (bytes[3] >> 5) & 0x07;
    decoded.latitude = ((bytes[4] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[5] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[6];
    decoded.longitude = ((bytes[7] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[8] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[9];
    if (decoded.latitude !== 0 && decoded.longitude !== 0) {
      decoded.latitude = (decoded.latitude / 16777215.0 * 180) - 90;
      decoded.longitude = (decoded.longitude / 16777215.0 * 360) - 180;
      decoded.latitude = Math.round(decoded.latitude * 100000) / 100000;
      decoded.longitude = Math.round(decoded.longitude * 100000) / 100000;
    }
    decoded.gps_resend = bytes[10];
    decoded.accelx = get_num(bytes[11], -2000, 2000, 8, 1);
    decoded.accely = get_num(bytes[12], -2000, 2000, 8, 1);
    decoded.accelz = get_num(bytes[13], -2000, 2000, 8, 1);
    decoded.battery_low = (bytes[15] << 8) | bytes[14];
    ; // result in mV
    decoded.gps_on_time_total = (bytes[17] << 8) | bytes[16];
    decoded.gps_time = bytes[18] | (bytes[19] << 8) | (bytes[20] << 16) | (bytes[21] << 24);
    var d = new Date(decoded.gps_time * 1000);
    decoded.gps_time_decoded = d.toLocaleString();
    decoded.pulse_counter = bytes[22];
    decoded.pulse_energy = (bytes[23] << 4) | (bytes[24] | (bytes[25] << 8) >> 12);
    decoded.pulse_voltage = (bytes[24] | (bytes[25] << 8)) & 0x0fff;
    decoded.voltage_fence_v = decoded.pulse_voltage * variables.fence_calibration_factor;
  } else if (fPort === 1) {
    decoded.latitude = ((bytes[cnt++] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[cnt++] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[cnt++];
    decoded.longitude = ((bytes[cnt++] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[cnt++] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[cnt++];
    if (decoded.latitude !== 0 && decoded.longitude !== 0) {
      decoded.latitude = (decoded.latitude / 16777215.0 * 180) - 90;
      decoded.longitude = (decoded.longitude / 16777215.0 * 360) - 180;
      decoded.latitude = Math.round(decoded.latitude * 100000) / 100000;
      decoded.longitude = Math.round(decoded.longitude * 100000) / 100000;
    }
    decoded.alt = bytes[cnt++] | (bytes[cnt++] << 8);
    decoded.satellites = (bytes[cnt] >> 4);
    decoded.hdop = (bytes[cnt++] & 0x0f);
    decoded.time_to_fix = bytes[cnt++];
    decoded.epe = bytes[cnt++];
    decoded.snr = bytes[cnt++];
    decoded.lux = bytes[cnt++];
    decoded.motion = bytes[cnt++];
    decoded.time = bytes[cnt++] | (bytes[cnt++] << 8) | (bytes[cnt++] << 16) | (bytes[cnt++] << 24);
    var d = new Date(decoded.time * 1000);
    decoded.time_decoded = d.toLocaleString();
  } else if (fPort === 11) {
    var locations = [];
    for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
      var location = {}
      location.latitude = ((bytes[cnt++] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[cnt++] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[cnt++];
      location.longitude = ((bytes[cnt++] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[cnt++] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[cnt++];
      if (location.latitude !== 0 && location.longitude !== 0) {
        location.latitude = (location.latitude / 16777215.0 * 180) - 90;
        location.longitude = (location.longitude / 16777215.0 * 360) - 180;
        location.latitude = Math.round(location.latitude * 100000) / 100000;
        location.longitude = Math.round(location.longitude * 100000) / 100000;
      }
      location.time = bytes[cnt++] | (bytes[cnt++] << 8) | (bytes[cnt++] << 16) | (bytes[cnt++] << 24);
      var d = new Date(location.time * 1000);
      location.time_decoded = d.toLocaleString();
      locations.push(location);
    }
    decoded.locations = JSON.stringify(locations);
  } else if (fPort === 30) {
    var vswr = [];
    for (i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
      var value = (bytes[i]);
      vswr.push(value);
    }
    decoded.vswr = vswr;
  }

  return decoded;
}

d_opencollar_rhino_tracker_legacy.js, https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SmartParksOrg/smartparks-toolset/main/assets/Decoders/d_opencollar_rhino_tracker_legacy.js (commit bb98fb8). d_opencollar_lion_tracker_legacy.js is identical except that on port 12 it uses battery_low = get_num(bytes[1], 0, 43750, 8, 1) (lion) instead of get_num(bytes[1], 0, 4096, 8, 1) (rhino):

//note some values need to be tuned to the hardware in here, make sure to do so
function get_num(x, min, max, precision, round) {

  var range = max - min;
  var new_range = (Math.pow(2, precision) - 1) / range;
  var back_x = x / new_range;

  if (back_x === 0) {
    back_x = min;
  } else if (back_x === (max - min)) {
    back_x = max;
  } else {
    back_x += min;
  }
  return Math.round(back_x * Math.pow(10, round)) / Math.pow(10, round);
}

// TTN decoder function, using the ChripStack decoder
function Decoder(bytes) {
  return Decode(port, bytes);
}

// ChirpStack decode function
function Decode(fPort, bytes) {

  var decoded = {};

  var resetCause_dict = {
    0: "POWERON",
    1: "EXTERNAL",
    2: "SOFTWARE",
    3: "WATCHDOG",
    4: "FIREWALL",
    5: "OTHER",
    6: "STANDBY"
  };

  // settings
  if (fPort === 3) {
    decoded.system_status_interval = (bytes[1] << 8) | bytes[0];
    decoded.system_functions = {};//bytes[2];
    decoded.system_functions.gps_periodic = ((bytes[2] >> 0) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions.gps_triggered = ((bytes[2] >> 1) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions.gps_hot_fix = ((bytes[2] >> 2) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions.accelerometer_enabled = ((bytes[2] >> 3) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions.light_enabled = ((bytes[2] >> 4) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions.temperature_enabled = ((bytes[2] >> 5) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions.humidity_enabled = ((bytes[2] >> 6) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions.pressure_enabled = ((bytes[2] >> 7) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;

    decoded.lorawan_datarate_adr = {};//bytes[3];
    decoded.lorawan_datarate_adr.datarate = bytes[3] & 0x0f;
    decoded.lorawan_datarate_adr.confirmed_uplink = ((bytes[3] >> 6) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.lorawan_datarate_adr.adr = ((bytes[3] >> 7) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;

    decoded.gps_periodic_interval = (bytes[5] << 8) | bytes[4];
    decoded.gps_triggered_interval = (bytes[7] << 8) | bytes[6];
    decoded.gps_triggered_threshold = bytes[8];
    decoded.gps_triggered_duration = bytes[9];
    decoded.gps_cold_fix_timeout = (bytes[11] << 8) | bytes[10];
    decoded.gps_hot_fix_timeout = (bytes[13] << 8) | bytes[12];
    decoded.gps_min_fix_time = bytes[14];
    decoded.gps_min_ehpe = bytes[15];
    decoded.gps_hot_fix_retry = bytes[16];
    decoded.gps_cold_fix_retry = bytes[17];
    decoded.gps_fail_retry = bytes[18];
    decoded.gps_settings = {};//bytes[19];
    decoded.gps_settings.d3_fix = ((bytes[19] >> 0) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.gps_settings.fail_backoff = ((bytes[19] >> 1) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.gps_settings.hot_fix = ((bytes[19] >> 2) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.gps_settings.fully_resolved = ((bytes[19] >> 3) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
  } else if (fPort === 12) {
    decoded.resetCause = resetCause_dict[bytes[0]];
    // Lion tracker
    //decoded.battery_low = get_num(bytes[1], 0, 43750, 8, 1);
    //decoded.battery = get_num(bytes[2], 2048, 4096, 8, 1);
    // Rhino tracker
    decoded.battery_low = get_num(bytes[1], 0, 4096, 8, 1);
    decoded.battery = get_num(bytes[2], 2048, 4096, 8, 1);
    decoded.temperature = get_num(bytes[3], -20, 80, 8, 1);
    decoded.vbus = get_num(bytes[4], 0, 3.6, 8, 2);
    decoded.system_functions_errors = {};//bytes[5];
    decoded.system_functions_errors.gps_periodic_error = ((bytes[5] >> 0) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.gps_triggered_error = ((bytes[5] >> 1) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.gps_fix_error = ((bytes[5] >> 2) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.accelerometer_error = ((bytes[5] >> 3) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.light_error = ((bytes[5] >> 4) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.temperature_error = ((bytes[5] >> 5) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.humidity_error = ((bytes[5] >> 6) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.pressure_error = ((bytes[5] >> 7) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.lat = ((bytes[6] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[7] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[8];
    decoded.lon = ((bytes[9] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[10] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[11];
    if (decoded.lat !== 0 && decoded.lon !== 0) {
      decoded.lat = (decoded.lat / 16777215.0 * 180) - 90;
      decoded.lon = (decoded.lon / 16777215.0 * 360) - 180;
      decoded.lat = Math.round(decoded.lat * 100000) / 100000;
      decoded.lon = Math.round(decoded.lon * 100000) / 100000;
      decoded.time_to_fix = bytes[12];
    }
    decoded.gps_resend = bytes[13];
  }
  //depreciated - used only for legacy devices
  else if (fPort === 2) {
    decoded.resetCause = resetCause_dict[bytes[0]];
    // Lion tracker
    decoded.battery_low = get_num(bytes[1], 0, 43750, 8, 1);
    decoded.battery = get_num(bytes[2], 2048, 4096, 8, 1);
    // Rhino tracker
    //decoded.battery_low = get_num(bytes[1], 400, 4000, 8, 1);
    //decoded.battery = get_num(bytes[2], 400, 4000, 8, 1);
    decoded.temperature = get_num(bytes[3], -20, 80, 8, 1);
    decoded.vbus = get_num(bytes[4], 0, 3.6, 8, 2);
    decoded.system_functions_errors = {};//bytes[5];
    decoded.system_functions_errors.gps_periodic_error = ((bytes[5] >> 0) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.gps_triggered_error = ((bytes[5] >> 1) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.gps_fix_error = ((bytes[5] >> 2) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.accelerometer_error = ((bytes[5] >> 3) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.light_error = ((bytes[5] >> 4) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.temperature_error = ((bytes[5] >> 5) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.humidity_error = ((bytes[5] >> 6) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    decoded.system_functions_errors.pressure_error = ((bytes[5] >> 7) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
  } else if (fPort === 1) {
    decoded.lat = ((bytes[0] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[1] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[2];
    decoded.lon = ((bytes[3] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[4] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[5];
    console.log(decoded.lat)
    if (decoded.lat !== 0 && decoded.lon !== 0) {
      decoded.lat = (decoded.lat / 16777215.0 * 180) - 90;
      decoded.lon = (decoded.lon / 16777215.0 * 360) - 180;
      decoded.lat = Math.round(decoded.lat * 100000) / 100000;
      decoded.lon = Math.round(decoded.lon * 100000) / 100000;
    }
    decoded.alt = (bytes[7] << 8) | bytes[6];
    decoded.satellites = (bytes[8] >> 4);
    decoded.hdop = (bytes[8] & 0x0f);
    decoded.time_to_fix = bytes[9];
    decoded.epe = bytes[10];
    decoded.snr = bytes[11];
    decoded.lux = bytes[12];
    decoded.motion = bytes[13];
  }

  return decoded;
}

d_opencollar_rhinoedge_v0_1.js, https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SmartParksOrg/smartparks-toolset/main/assets/Decoders/d_opencollar_rhinoedge_v0_1.js (commit bb98fb8): the very first RhinoEdge prototype firmware (0.1) before the msg_id, len header existed; port 1 carried gps time, lat, lon, alt and the LR1110 NAV payload, port 4 a 20 byte status with a 24 bit packed position.

// Decode decodes an array of bytes into an object.
//  - fPort contains the LoRaWAN fPort number
//  - bytes is an array of bytes, e.g. [225, 230, 255, 0]
//  - variables contains the device variables e.g. {"calibration": "3.5"} (both the key / value are of type string)
// The function must return an object, e.g. {"temperature": 22.5}

function decode_uint8_t(bytes, index) {
  var data = bytes[index.i];
  index.i += 1;
  return data;
}

function decode_32_bits(bytes, index) {
  var data = (bytes[index.i + 3] << 24) |
    (bytes[index.i + 2] << 16) |
    (bytes[index.i + 1] << 8) |
    bytes[index.i];

  index.i += 4;
  return data;
}

function decode_nav_payload(bytes, index, nav_len) {
  var nav_payload = "";
  var one_byte;
  var one_byte_str;

  // Skip first byte
  for (var i = 1; i < nav_len; i++) {
    one_byte = bytes[index.i + i];
    one_byte_str = one_byte.toString(16);
    if (one_byte_str.length == 1) {
      nav_payload += ("0" + one_byte_str);
    } else {
      nav_payload += one_byte_str;
    }
  }

  index.i += nav_len;
  return nav_payload;

}

function decode_uint8(byte, min, max) {
  var val;
  val = byte * (max - min) / 255 + min;

  return val;
}

// TTN decoder function, using the ChripStack decoder
function Decoder(bytes) {
  return Decode(port, bytes, null);
}

// ChirpStack decode function
function Decode(fPort, bytes, variables) {
  // Decode an uplink message from a buffer
  // (array) of bytes to an object of fields.
  var decoded = {};

  var index = {
    i: 0
  };

  if (fPort == 1) {

    gps_time = decode_32_bits(bytes, index);
    lat = decode_32_bits(bytes, index) / 10000000;
    lon = decode_32_bits(bytes, index) / 10000000;
    alt = decode_32_bits(bytes, index) / 1000;
    nav_len = decode_uint8_t(bytes, index);

    decoded = {
      gps_time: gps_time,
      latitude: lat,
      longitude: lon,
      altitude: alt,
      lr1110_gnss: decode_nav_payload(bytes, index, nav_len),
    };

  }

  if (fPort == 2) {

    var value = bytes[6] << 24 | bytes[5] << 16 | bytes[4] << 8 | bytes[3];
    var latitude = value / 10000000; // gps latitude,units: °
    value = bytes[10] << 24 | bytes[9] << 16 | bytes[8] << 8 | bytes[7];
    var longitude = value / 10000000; // gps longitude,units: °
    value = bytes[14] << 24 | bytes[13] << 16 | bytes[12] << 8 | bytes[11];
    var altitude = value / 1000;

    var success = bytes[0];
    var hot_retry = bytes[1];
    var cold_retry = bytes[2];

    decoded = {
      latitude: latitude,
      longitude: longitude,
      altitude: altitude,
      success: success,
      hot_retry: hot_retry,
      cold_retry: cold_retry,
    };
  }

  if (fPort == 4) {
    var reset = bytes[0];
    var err = bytes[1];
    var bat = (bytes[2] * 10) + 2500;
    var volt = bytes[3] * 100;
    var temp = decode_uint8(bytes[4], -100, 100);
    var uptime = bytes[5];
    var acc_x = decode_uint8(bytes[6], -100, 100);
    var acc_y = decode_uint8(bytes[7], -100, 100);
    var acc_z = decode_uint8(bytes[8], -100, 100);
    var version = bytes[9];
    var ver_hw_minor = version & 0x0F;
    var ver_hw_major = version >> 4;
    version = bytes[10];
    var ver_fw_minor = version & 0x0F;
    var ver_fw_major = version >> 4;
    var ver_hw_type = bytes[11];
    var lr_sat = bytes[12];
    var lr_fix = bytes[13];
    var value = bytes[16] << 16 | bytes[15] << 8 | bytes[14];
    var lat = (value - 900000) / 10000;
    value = bytes[19] << 16 | bytes[18] << 8 | bytes[17];
    var lon = (value - 1800000) / 10000;

    //Errors
    var err_lr = 0;
    if (err & 1) err_lr = 1;
    var err_ble = 0;
    if (err & 2) err_ble = 1;
    var err_ublox = 0;
    if (err & 4) err_ublox = 1;
    var err_acc = 0;
    if (err & 8) err_acc = 1;
    var err_bat = 0;
    if (err & 16) err_bat = 1;
    var err_time = 0;
    if (err & 32) err_time = 1;

    decoded = {
      reset: reset,
      bat: bat,
      volt: volt,
      temp: temp,
      uptime: uptime,
      acc_x: acc_x,
      acc_y: acc_y,
      acc_z: acc_z,
      lr_sat: lr_sat,
      lr_fix: lr_fix,
      //lat         : lat,
      //lon         : lon,
      err_lr: err_lr,
      err_ble: err_ble,
      err_ublox: err_ublox,
      err_acc: err_acc,
      err_bat: err_bat,
      err_time: err_time,
      ver_fw_major: ver_fw_major,
      ver_fw_minor: ver_fw_minor,
      ver_hw_major: ver_hw_major,
      ver_hw_minor: ver_hw_minor,
      ver_hw_type: ver_hw_type
    };

  }
  return decoded;
}

TTN device repository codec vendor/smart-parks/opencollar-v26.js, https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SmartParksOrg/lorawan-devices/master/vendor/smart-parks/opencollar-v26.js (commit 0b9139c69e760f930a668df90c2df99a0f102424, 2021-07-08), referenced by opencollar-v26-codec.yaml; opencollar.yaml declares hardware 2.3, firmware 2.6, profile opencollar-eu868-profile (LoRaWAN 1.0.2, RP001-1.0.2-RevB, ABP, RX2 DR3 at 868.525 MHz, 32 bit FCnt). Functionally the same as d_opencollar_v3.js:

function get_num(x, min, max, precision, round) {

  var range = max - min;
  var new_range = (Math.pow(2, precision) - 1) / range;
  var back_x = x / new_range;

  if (back_x === 0) {
    back_x = min;
  }
  else if (back_x === (max - min)) {
    back_x = max;
  }
  else {
    back_x += min;
  }
  return Math.round(back_x * Math.pow(10, round)) / Math.pow(10, round);
}

function decodeUplink(input) {

  var data = {};
  var bytes = input.bytes;
  var port = input.fPort;
  var cnt = 0;
  var resetCause_dict = {
    0: "POWERON",
    1: "EXTERNAL",
    2: "SOFTWARE",
    3: "WATCHDOG",
    4: "FIREWALL",
    5: "OTHER",
    6: "STANDBY"
  };


  // settings
  if (port === 3) {
    data.system_status_interval = (bytes[1] << 8) | bytes[0];
    data.system_functions = {};//bytes[2];
    data.system_functions.gps_periodic = ((bytes[2] >> 0) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    data.system_functions.gps_triggered = ((bytes[2] >> 1) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    data.system_functions.gps_hot_fix = ((bytes[2] >> 2) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    data.system_functions.accelerometer_enabled = ((bytes[2] >> 3) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    data.system_functions.light_enabled = ((bytes[2] >> 4) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    data.system_functions.temperature_enabled = ((bytes[2] >> 5) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    data.system_functions.humidity_enabled = ((bytes[2] >> 6) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    data.system_functions.charging_enabled = ((bytes[2] >> 7) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;

    data.lorawan_datarate_adr = {};//bytes[3];
    data.lorawan_datarate_adr.datarate = bytes[3] & 0x0f;
    data.lorawan_datarate_adr.confirmed_uplink = ((bytes[3] >> 6) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    data.lorawan_datarate_adr.adr = ((bytes[3] >> 7) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;

    data.gps_periodic_interval = (bytes[5] << 8) | bytes[4];
    data.gps_triggered_interval = (bytes[7] << 8) | bytes[6];
    data.gps_triggered_threshold = bytes[8];
    data.gps_triggered_duration = bytes[9];
    data.gps_cold_fix_timeout = (bytes[11] << 8) | bytes[10];
    data.gps_hot_fix_timeout = (bytes[13] << 8) | bytes[12];
    data.gps_min_fix_time = bytes[14];
    data.gps_min_ehpe = bytes[15];
    data.gps_hot_fix_retry = bytes[16];
    data.gps_cold_fix_retry = bytes[17];
    data.gps_fail_retry = bytes[18];
    data.gps_settings = {};//bytes[19];
    data.gps_settings.d3_fix = ((bytes[19] >> 0) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    data.gps_settings.fail_backoff = ((bytes[19] >> 1) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    data.gps_settings.hot_fix = ((bytes[19] >> 2) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    data.gps_settings.fully_resolved = ((bytes[19] >> 3) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    data.system_voltage_interval = bytes[20];
    data.gps_charge_min = bytes[21]*10+2500;
    data.system_charge_min = bytes[22]*10+2500;
    data.system_charge_max = bytes[23]*10+2500;
    data.system_input_charge_min = (bytes[25] << 8) | bytes[24];
    data.pulse_threshold = bytes[26];
    data.pulse_on_timeout = bytes[27];
    data.pulse_min_interval = (bytes[29] << 8) | bytes[28];
    data.gps_accel_z_threshold = ((bytes[31] << 8) | bytes[30])-2000;
    data.fw_version = (bytes[33] << 8) | bytes[32];
  }
  else if (port === 12) {
    data.resetCause = resetCause_dict[bytes[0]&0x07];
    data.system_state_timeout = bytes[0]>>3;
    data.battery = bytes[1]*10+2500; // result in mV
    data.temperature = get_num(bytes[2], -20, 80, 8, 1);
    data.system_functions_errors = {};//bytes[5];
    data.system_functions_errors.gps_periodic_error = ((bytes[3] >> 0) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    data.system_functions_errors.gps_triggered_error = ((bytes[3] >> 1) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    data.system_functions_errors.gps_fix_error = ((bytes[3] >> 2) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    data.system_functions_errors.accelerometer_error = ((bytes[3] >> 3) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    data.system_functions_errors.light_error = ((bytes[3] >> 4) & 0x01) ? 1 : 0;
    data.system_functions_errors.charging_status = (bytes[3] >> 5) & 0x07;
    data.lat = ((bytes[4] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[5] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[6];
    data.lon = ((bytes[7] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[8] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[9];
    if(data.lat!==0 && data.lon!==0){
      data.lat = (data.lat / 16777215.0 * 180) - 90;
      data.lon = (data.lon / 16777215.0 * 360) - 180;
      data.lat = Math.round(data.lat*100000)/100000;
      data.lon = Math.round(data.lon*100000)/100000;
    }
    data.gps_resend = bytes[10];
    data.accelx = get_num(bytes[11], -2000, 2000, 8, 1);
    data.accely = get_num(bytes[12], -2000, 2000, 8, 1);
    data.accelz = get_num(bytes[13], -2000, 2000, 8, 1);
    data.battery_low = (bytes[15] << 8) | bytes[14];; // result in mV
    data.gps_on_time_total = (bytes[17] << 8) | bytes[16];
    data.gps_time = bytes[18] | (bytes[19] << 8) | (bytes[20] << 16) | (bytes[21] << 24);
    var d= new Date(data.gps_time*1000);
    data.gps_time_data = d.toLocaleString();
    data.pulse_counter = bytes[22];
    data.pulse_energy = (bytes[23]<<4) | (bytes[24] | (bytes[25] << 8)>>12);
    data.pulse_voltage = (bytes[24] | (bytes[25] << 8)) & 0x0fff;
    data.voltage_fence_v = data.pulse_voltage * 8;
    data.downlink_counter = (bytes[26] | (bytes[27] << 8));
  }
  else if (port === 1) {
    data.lat = ((bytes[cnt++] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[cnt++] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[cnt++];
    data.lon = ((bytes[cnt++] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[cnt++] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[cnt++];
    if(data.lat!==0 && data.lon!==0){
      data.lat = (data.lat / 16777215.0 * 180) - 90;
      data.lon = (data.lon / 16777215.0 * 360) - 180;
      data.lat = Math.round(data.lat*100000)/100000;
      data.lon = Math.round(data.lon*100000)/100000;
    }
    data.alt = bytes[cnt++] | (bytes[cnt++] << 8);
    data.satellites = (bytes[cnt] >> 4);
    data.hdop = (bytes[cnt++] & 0x0f);
    data.time_to_fix = bytes[cnt++];
    data.epe = bytes[cnt++];
    data.snr = bytes[cnt++];
    data.lux = bytes[cnt++];
    data.motion = bytes[cnt++];
    data.gps_time = bytes[cnt++] | (bytes[cnt++] << 8) | (bytes[cnt++] << 16) | (bytes[cnt++] << 24);
    var d= new Date(data.gps_time*1000);
    data.gps_time_data = d.toLocaleString();
  }
  else if (port === 11) {
    var locations=[];
    for(i = 0; i < 20; i++){
      var location={}
      location.lat = ((bytes[cnt++] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[cnt++] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[cnt++];
      location.lon = ((bytes[cnt++] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[cnt++] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[cnt++];
      location.gps_time = ((bytes[cnt++] << 16) >>> 0) + ((bytes[cnt++] << 8) >>> 0) + bytes[cnt++];
      location.gps_time = location.gps_time * 60 + 1600000000;
      var d= new Date(location.gps_time*1000);
      location.gps_time_data = d.toLocaleString();
      var fix_stats= bytes[cnt++];
      location.motion = fix_stats>>7;
      location.epe = ((fix_stats>>4)&0x07)*12;
      location.ttf = (fix_stats&0x0f)*5;
      if(location.lat!==0 && location.lon!==0){
        location.lat = (location.lat / 16777215.0 * 180) - 90;
        location.lon = (location.lon / 16777215.0 * 360) - 180;
        location.lat = Math.round(location.lat*100000)/100000;
        location.lon = Math.round(location.lon*100000)/100000;
        // push only valid locations
        locations.push(location);
      }
    }
    data.locations=JSON.stringify(locations);
  }
  else if (port === 30) {
    var vswr=[];
    for(i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++){
      var value=(bytes[i]);
      vswr.push(value);
    }
    data.vswr=vswr;
  }

  return data;
}

Legacy encoders (smartparks-toolset/assets/Encoders): e_opencollar_tracker_v1.js and e_opencollar_rhino_tracker_legacy.js build the 34 byte (or 20 byte) settings block for port 3, an 18 byte VSWR sweep request for port 30 and single byte commands for port 99 (0xAB reset, 0xDE LoRa rejoin, 0xAA send settings). assets/Encoders/predefinedSettings/*.json are example settings objects for that generation. There is no encoder for Edge devices in any public repository; the Edge downlink is the simple TLV described in section 4.

e_opencollar_tracker_v1.js, https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SmartParksOrg/smartparks-toolset/main/assets/Encoders/e_opencollar_tracker_v1.js (commit bb98fb8):

// TTN encoder function, using the ChripStack encoder
function Encoder(object, port) {
  return Encode(port, object);
}

// ChirpStack encode function
function Encode(fPort, object) {
  var bytes = [];
  //settings
  if (fPort === 3) {
    bytes[0] = (object.system_status_interval) & 0xFF;
    bytes[1] = (object.system_status_interval) >> 8 & 0xFF;

    bytes[2] |= object.system_functions.accelerometer_enabled ? 1 << 3 : 0;
    bytes[2] |= object.system_functions.light_enabled ? 1 << 4 : 0;
    bytes[2] |= object.system_functions.temperature_enabled ? 1 << 5 : 0;
    bytes[2] |= object.system_functions.humidity_enabled ? 1 << 6 : 0;
    bytes[2] |= object.system_functions.charging_enabled ? 1 << 7 : 0;

    bytes[3] |= (object.lorawan_datarate_adr.datarate) & 0x0F;
    bytes[3] |= object.lorawan_datarate_adr.confirmed_uplink ? 1 << 6 : 0;
    bytes[3] |= object.lorawan_datarate_adr.adr ? 1 << 7 : 0;

    bytes[4] = (object.gps_periodic_interval) & 0xFF;
    bytes[5] = (object.gps_periodic_interval) >> 8 & 0xFF;

    bytes[6] = (object.gps_triggered_interval) & 0xFF;
    bytes[7] = (object.gps_triggered_interval) >> 8 & 0xFF;

    bytes[8] = (object.gps_triggered_threshold) & 0xFF;

    bytes[9] = (object.gps_triggered_duration) & 0xFF;

    bytes[10] = (object.gps_cold_fix_timeout) & 0xFF;
    bytes[11] = (object.gps_cold_fix_timeout) >> 8 & 0xFF;

    bytes[12] = (object.gps_hot_fix_timeout) & 0xFF;
    bytes[13] = (object.gps_hot_fix_timeout) >> 8 & 0xFF;

    bytes[14] = (object.gps_min_fix_time) & 0xFF;

    bytes[15] = (object.gps_min_ehpe) & 0xFF;

    bytes[16] = (object.gps_hot_fix_retry) & 0xFF;

    bytes[17] = (object.gps_cold_fix_retry) & 0xFF;

    bytes[18] = (object.gps_fail_retry) & 0xFF;

    bytes[19] = object.gps_settings.d3_fix ? 1 << 0 : 0;
    bytes[19] |= object.gps_settings.fail_backoff ? 1 << 1 : 0;
    bytes[19] |= object.gps_settings.hot_fix ? 1 << 2 : 0;
    bytes[19] |= object.gps_settings.fully_resolved ? 1 << 3 : 0;
    bytes[20] = (object.system_voltage_interval) & 0xFF;
    bytes[21] = ((object.gps_charge_min - 2500) / 10) & 0xFF;
    bytes[22] = ((object.system_charge_min - 2500) / 10) & 0xFF;
    bytes[23] = ((object.system_charge_max - 2500) / 10) & 0xFF;
    bytes[24] = (object.system_input_charge_min) & 0xFF;
    bytes[25] = (object.system_input_charge_min) >> 8 & 0xFF;
    bytes[26] = (object.pulse_threshold) & 0xFF;
    bytes[27] = (object.pulse_on_timeout) & 0xFF

    bytes[28] = (object.pulse_min_interval) & 0xFF;
    bytes[29] = (object.pulse_min_interval) >> 8 & 0xFF;

    bytes[30] = (object.gps_accel_z_threshold + 2000) & 0xFF;
    bytes[31] = (object.gps_accel_z_threshold + 2000) >> 8 & 0xFF;

    bytes[32] = 0;
    bytes[33] = 0;
  } else if (fPort === 30) {
    bytes[0] = (object.freq_start) & 0xFF;
    bytes[1] = (object.freq_start) >> 8 & 0xFF;
    bytes[2] = (object.freq_start) >> 16 & 0xFF;
    bytes[3] = (object.freq_start) >> 24 & 0xFF;

    bytes[4] = (object.freq_stop) & 0xFF;
    bytes[5] = (object.freq_stop) >> 8 & 0xFF;
    bytes[6] = (object.freq_stop) >> 16 & 0xFF;
    bytes[7] = (object.freq_stop) >> 24 & 0xFF;

    bytes[8] = (object.samples) & 0xFF;
    bytes[9] = (object.samples) >> 8 & 0xFF;
    bytes[10] = (object.samples) >> 16 & 0xFF;
    bytes[11] = (object.samples) >> 24 & 0xFF;

    bytes[12] = (object.power) & 0xFF;
    bytes[13] = (object.power) >> 8 & 0xFF;

    bytes[14] = (object.time) & 0xFF;
    bytes[15] = (object.time) >> 8 & 0xFF;

    bytes[16] = (object.type) & 0xFF;
    bytes[17] = (object.type) >> 8 & 0xFF;
  }
  //command
  else if (fPort === 99) {
    if (object.command.reset) {
      bytes[0] = 0xab;
    } else if (object.command.lora_rejoin) {
      bytes[0] = 0xde;
    } else if (object.command.send_settings) {
      bytes[0] = 0xaa;
    }
  }
  return bytes;
}

5.7 field-meta.json (units used by raw_logs_decoder for the decoder output)

Source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SmartParksOrg/raw_logs_decoder/main/field-meta.json (commit 9b10e02). Units as the tool labels them; note sog is labelled m/s although the decoder outputs km/h, and cmdq_hrv is labelled ms^2 although the decoder already takes the square root.

{
  "latitude": { "group": "gnss", "unit": { "label": "Degrees", "symbol": "deg" }, "precision": 6 },
  "longitude": { "group": "gnss", "unit": { "label": "Degrees", "symbol": "deg" }, "precision": 6 },
  "altitude": { "group": "gnss", "unit": { "label": "Meters", "symbol": "m" }, "precision": 1 },
  "h_acc_est": { "group": "gnss", "unit": { "label": "Horizontal accuracy", "symbol": "m" }, "precision": 0, "isInteger": true },
  "pDOP": { "group": "gnss", "unit": { "label": "Dilution of precision", "symbol": null }, "precision": 1 },
  "fixType": { "group": "gnss", "isInteger": true },
  "SIV": { "group": "gnss", "unit": { "label": "Satellites in view", "symbol": "count" }, "isInteger": true },
  "cog": { "group": "gnss", "unit": { "label": "Course over ground", "symbol": "deg" }, "precision": 1 },
  "sog": { "group": "gnss", "unit": { "label": "Speed over ground", "symbol": "m/s" }, "precision": 1 },
  "success": { "group": "gnss", "isInteger": true },
  "hot_retry": { "group": "gnss", "unit": { "label": "Retry count", "symbol": "count" }, "isInteger": true },
  "cold_retry": { "group": "gnss", "unit": { "label": "Retry count", "symbol": "count" }, "isInteger": true },
  "ttf": { "group": "gnss", "unit": { "label": "Time to fix", "symbol": "s" }, "isInteger": true },
  "active_t": { "group": "gnss", "unit": { "label": "Active time", "symbol": "s" }, "isInteger": true },
  "nav_payload": { "group": "gnss" },
  "fix_timestamp": { "group": "gnss", "unit": { "label": "Unix time", "symbol": "s" }, "isInteger": true },
  "fix_time": { "group": "gnss", "unit": { "label": "Unix time", "symbol": "s" }, "isInteger": true },

  "reset": { "group": "status", "isInteger": true },
  "bat": { "group": "status", "unit": { "label": "Millivolt", "symbol": "mV" }, "precision": 0, "isInteger": true },
  "chg": { "group": "status", "isInteger": true },
  "temp": { "group": "status", "unit": { "label": "Celsius", "symbol": "C" }, "precision": 1 },
  "uptime": { "group": "status", "unit": { "label": "Uptime", "symbol": "days" }, "isInteger": true },
  "locked": { "group": "status", "isInteger": true },
  "msg": { "group": "status", "isInteger": true },
  "acc_x": { "group": "status", "unit": { "label": "Acceleration", "symbol": "m/s^2" }, "precision": 2 },
  "acc_y": { "group": "status", "unit": { "label": "Acceleration", "symbol": "m/s^2" }, "precision": 2 },
  "acc_z": { "group": "status", "unit": { "label": "Acceleration", "symbol": "m/s^2" }, "precision": 2 },
  "lr_sat": { "group": "status", "unit": { "label": "Satellites", "symbol": "count" }, "isInteger": true },
  "err_lr": { "group": "status", "isInteger": true },
  "err_lr_join": { "group": "status", "isInteger": true },
  "err_ble": { "group": "status", "isInteger": true },
  "err_ublox": { "group": "status", "isInteger": true },
  "err_acc": { "group": "status", "isInteger": true },
  "err_bat": { "group": "status", "isInteger": true },
  "err_ublox_fix": { "group": "status", "isInteger": true },
  "err_flash": { "group": "status", "isInteger": true },
  "ver_fw_major": { "group": "status", "isInteger": true },
  "ver_fw_minor": { "group": "status", "isInteger": true },
  "ver_hw_major": { "group": "status", "isInteger": true },
  "ver_hw_minor": { "group": "status", "isInteger": true },
  "ver_hw_type": { "group": "status", "isInteger": true },
  "ver_fw_type": { "group": "status", "isInteger": true },
  "sat_support": { "group": "status", "isInteger": true },
  "sat_try": { "group": "status", "isInteger": true },
  "rf_scan": { "group": "status", "isInteger": true },
  "fence": { "group": "status", "isInteger": true },
  "percentage": { "group": "flash_status", "unit": { "label": "Percentage", "symbol": "%" }, "precision": 0, "isInteger": true },
  "n_msg": { "group": "flash_status", "unit": { "label": "Buffered messages", "symbol": "count" }, "isInteger": true },

  "activity": { "group": "external_switch", "description": "External switch state", "isInteger": true },
  "duration_ms": { "group": "external_switch", "unit": { "label": "Duration", "symbol": "ms" }, "isInteger": true },
  "impulse_count": { "group": "external_switch", "unit": { "label": "Impulse count", "symbol": "count" }, "isInteger": true },
  "num_of_active_detections": { "group": "external_switch", "unit": { "label": "Active detections", "symbol": "count" }, "isInteger": true },
  "timestamp": { "group": "timestamp_message", "unit": { "label": "Unix time", "symbol": "s" }, "isInteger": true },

  "cmdq_timestamp": { "group": "cmdq", "isInteger": true },
  "cmdq_rr_median": {
    "group": "cmdq",
    "unit": { "label": "R-R interval (×10 ms)", "symbol": "10ms" },
    "isInteger": true,
    "description": "Median time between cardiac R peaks in tens of milliseconds"
  },
  "cmdq_rr_median_modesum": { "group": "cmdq", "isInteger": true },
  "cmdq_activity_average": { "group": "cmdq", "isInteger": true },
  "cmdq_activity_max": { "group": "cmdq", "isInteger": true },
  "cmdq_active_min_in_last_hour": { "group": "cmdq", "isInteger": true },
  "cmdq_temp": { "group": "cmdq", "unit": { "label": "Celsius", "symbol": "C" }, "precision": 1 },
  "cmdq_raw_temp": {
    "group": "cmdq",
    "isInteger": true,
    "description": "Raw sensor value used to derive cmdq_temp"
  },
  "cmdq_h_impedance": { "group": "cmdq", "isInteger": true },
  "cmdq_hrv": {
    "group": "cmdq",
    "precision": 2,
    "unit": { "label": "RMSSD basis (ms²)", "symbol": "ms^2" },
    "description": "Mean of squared successive R-R differences; take square root to obtain RMSSD in ms"
  },
  "cmdq_hrv_raw": { "group": "cmdq", "isInteger": true },
  "cmdq_success": { "group": "cmdq", "isInteger": true },

  "N": { "group": "fence", "unit": { "label": "Pulse count", "symbol": "count" }, "isInteger": true },
  "N_sat": { "group": "counts", "unit": { "label": "Count", "symbol": "count" }, "isInteger": true },
  "N_reported": { "group": "counts", "unit": { "label": "Count", "symbol": "count" }, "isInteger": true },
  "N_wifi_res": { "group": "counts", "unit": { "label": "Count", "symbol": "count" }, "isInteger": true },
  "N_BT_res": { "group": "counts", "unit": { "label": "Count", "symbol": "count" }, "isInteger": true },
  "t": { "group": "scan", "unit": { "label": "Unix time", "symbol": "s" }, "isInteger": true },

  "lr_sats_json": { "group": "jsons" },
  "ublox_sats_json": { "group": "jsons" },
  "wifi_scan_json": { "group": "jsons" },
  "bt_scan_json": { "group": "jsons" },
  "last_scan_json": { "group": "jsons" },
  "rf_scan_json": { "group": "jsons" },
  "fence_json": { "group": "jsons" },
  "opensky_json": { "group": "jsons" },
  "device_msg_hex": { "group": "jsons" },
  "memfault_msg_hex": { "group": "jsons" },

  "device_len": { "group": "meta", "unit": { "label": "Bytes", "symbol": "B" }, "isInteger": true },
  "device_msg_len": { "group": "meta", "unit": { "label": "Bytes", "symbol": "B" }, "isInteger": true },
  "device_seq": { "group": "meta", "isInteger": true },
  "device_retry": { "group": "meta", "isInteger": true },
  "memfault_len": { "group": "meta", "unit": { "label": "Bytes", "symbol": "B" }, "isInteger": true },
  "len": { "group": "device_message", "unit": { "label": "Bytes", "symbol": "B" }, "isInteger": true },
  "msg_len": { "group": "device_message", "unit": { "label": "Bytes", "symbol": "B" }, "isInteger": true },
  "seq": { "group": "device_message", "isInteger": true },
  "retry": { "group": "device_message", "isInteger": true },

  "voltage": { "group": "fence", "unit": { "label": "Voltage", "symbol": "V" }, "precision": 0, "isInteger": true },
  "energy": { "group": "fence", "unit": { "label": "Energy", "symbol": "arb" }, "isInteger": true },

  "version": { "group": "rf_scan", "isInteger": true },
  "should_alert": { "group": "rf_scan", "isInteger": true },
  "start": { "group": "rf_scan", "unit": { "label": "Frequency", "symbol": "MHz" }, "precision": 1 },
  "stop": { "group": "rf_scan", "unit": { "label": "Frequency", "symbol": "MHz" }, "precision": 1 },
  "peak_count": { "group": "rf_scan", "unit": { "label": "Count", "symbol": "count" }, "isInteger": true },
  "average_rssi": { "group": "opensky", "unit": { "label": "Signal level", "symbol": "dBm" }, "precision": 1 },
  "max_rssi": { "group": "opensky", "unit": { "label": "Signal level", "symbol": "dBm" }, "precision": 1 }
}

6. Example payloads

Every example found, with its source. Hex is the FRMPayload after LoRaWAN decryption unless labelled otherwise.

6.1 Uplink examples with decoded output (Smart Parks wiki, https://wiki.smartparks.org/devices/opencollar/lorawan_messages, fetched 2026-09-03; device RangerEdge hw 1.4, fw 4.4, Utrecht area, 2023-11-30)

FPort	Hex	Base64	Expected decoded output
1	f1020008	8QIACA==	{"nav_payload": "08"}
2	f21e0100001000e6a40d1f97100e03a0cb000003082f00048c61686500000000	8h4BAAAQAOakDR+XEA4DoMsAAAMILwAEjGFoZQAAAAA=	{"latitude": 52.0987878, "longitude": 5.1253399, "altitude": 52.128, "success": 1, "hot_retry": 0, "cold_retry": 0, "ttf": 16, "fixType": 3, "SIV": 8, "h_acc_est": 47, "pDOP": 4, "fix_time": 1701339532, "active_t": 0} (v6.5+ decoders name the time fix_timestamp)
4	f40e0400a00095007f7f721444550000	9A4EAKAAlQB/f3IURFUAAA==	{"reset": 4, "bat": 4100, "chg": 0, "temp": 16.862745098039213, "uptime": 0, "locked": 0, "msg": 0, "acc_x": -0.39215686274509665, "acc_y": -0.39215686274509665, "acc_z": -10.588235294117652, "lr_sat": 0, "err_lr": 0, "err_lr_join": 0, "err_ble": 0, "err_ublox": 0, "err_acc": 0, "err_bat": 0, "err_ublox_fix": 0, "err_flash": 0, "ver_fw_major": 4, "ver_fw_minor": 4, "ver_hw_major": 1, "ver_hw_minor": 4, "ver_hw_type": 5, "ver_fw_type": 5, "sat_support": 0, "sat_try": 0, "rf_scan": 0, "fence": 0}
5	f50100	9QEA	{"N_sat": 0, "N_reported": 0}
6	f71c0668ff7b390141626865001daa3201416268656032b1290141626865	9xwGaP97OQFBYmhlAB2qMgFBYmhlYDKxKQFBYmh (wiki value, truncated)	{"1": {"rssi": -71, "count": 1, "mac": "7b:ff:68", "t": 1701339713}, "2": {"rssi": -78, "count": 1, "mac": "aa:1d:0", "t": 1701339713}, "3": {"rssi": -87, "count": 1, "mac": "b1:32:60", "t": 1701339713}, "N_wifi_res": 6}
7	f92e1481ed0c4401af646865b255094301af6468658e6a093e01af646865647a203c01ae646865945cba3801af646865	+S4Uge0MRAGvZGhlslUJQwGvZGhljmoJPgGvZGhlZHogPAGuZGhllFy6OAGvZGhl	{"1": {"rssi": -60, "count": 1, "mac": "c:ed:81", "t": 1701340335}, "2": {"rssi": -61, "count": 1, "mac": "9:55:b2", "t": 1701340335}, "3": {"rssi": -66, "count": 1, "mac": "9:6a:8e", "t": 1701340335}, "4": {"rssi": -68, "count": 1, "mac": "20:7a:64", "t": 1701340334}, "5": {"rssi": -72, "count": 1, "mac": "ba:5c:94", "t": 1701340335}, "N_BT_res": 20}
8 (legacy)	fb0e0100be23602200ff0861ca5d00ff	+w4BAL4jYCIA/whhyl0A/w==	{"version": 1, "should_alert": 0, "band_8": {"start": 915, "stop": 880, "peak_count": 0, "max_rssi": -255}, "band_wifi_bt": {"start": 2484, "stop": 2401, "peak_count": 0, "max_rssi": -255}}
9	f63d0a091206660001081c053c000107252c3f00015113040201024d1607c300024c2331ad00024b22373700024a14071c0002431410320102421243450102	9j0KCRIGZgABCBwFPAABByUsPwABURMEAgECTRYHwwACTCMxrQACSyI3NwACShQHHAACQxQQMgECQhJDRQEC	10 satellites, e.g. "1": {"id": 9, "cn0": 18, "ele": 6, "azi": 102, "con": "GPS"}, "4": {"id": 81, "cn0": 19, "ele": 4, "azi": 258, "con": "GLONASS"}, "N_sat": 10, "N_reported": 10
10	f8370668ff7b390141626865001daa3201416268656032b1290141626865b215a2310141626865fa92bf2b0141626865f492bf2d0141626865	+DcGaP97OQFBYmhlAB2qMgFBYmhlYDKxKQFBYmhlshWiMQFBYmhl+pK/KwFBYmhl9JK/LQFBYmhl	six records, "1": {"rssi": -71, "count": 1, "mac": "7b:ff:68", "t": 1701339713} ... "6": {"rssi": -83, "count": 1, "mac": "bf:92:f4", "t": 1701339713}, "N_wifi_res": 6
11	fa55af6468651481ed0c44b25509438e6a093e647a203c945cba38fc56d0381bfcc6348c12193385da3f3238395431e43bdf317eabc631d0749d2b566f762b70de5d2b8413d02a2582b52aa5fa6a28dae11627f14bff27	+lWvZGhlFIHtDESyVQlDjmoJPmR6IDyUXLo4/FbQOBv8xjSMEhkzhdo/Mjg5VDHkO98xfqvGMdB0nStWb3YrcN5dK4QT0ColgrUqpfpqKNrhFifxS/8n	20 records "1": {"rssi": -60, "mac": "c:ed:81"} ... "20": {"rssi": -89, "mac": "ff:4b:f1"}, "N_BT_res": 20, "t": 1701340335
12	9206000000000000	kgYAAAAAAAA=	{"success": 0, "N": 0, "voltage": 0, "energy": 0}
13	930ef9636865aba50d1f8e090e031500	kw75Y2hlq6UNH44JDgMVAA==	{"fix_timestamp": 1701340153, "latitude": 52.0988075, "longitude": 5.1251598, "h_acc_est": 21}
14	94050010000000	lAUAEAAAAA==	{"percentage": 0, "n_msg": 16}
15 (13 byte records, fw 6.1 to 6.8)	fc1c56f5b965000000000006480ff00bf6b965000000000006480ff0	/BxW9bllAAAAAAAGSA/wC/a5ZQAAAAAABkgP8A==	two records: "0": {"cmdq_timestamp": 1706685782, "cmdq_rr_median": 0, "cmdq_rr_median_modesum": 0, "cmdq_activity_average": 0, "cmdq_activity_max": 0, "cmdq_active_min_in_last_hour": 0, "cmdq_raw_temp": 1608, "cmdq_temp": 21.7884, "cmdq_h_impedance": 4080}, "1": {... "cmdq_timestamp": 1706685963 ...}
28	900d0a736d6172747061726b730101	kA0Kc21hcnRwYXJrcwEB	{"len": 13, "msg_len": 10, "msg": [115,109,97,114,116,112,97,114,107,115] ("smartparks"), "seq": 1, "retry": 1}
29	0D930E3C636865FCA10D1F7D160E030C00436368650D930EF9636865ABA50D1F8E090E031500006468650D930EBA64686536A30D1F0D140E031300C26468650D930E7865686561A50D1FE0140E031600816568650D930E37666865C3A40D1FF5120E0311003F6668650D930EF466686599A30D1F81120E031100FC6668650D930EB1676865DFA30D1FCC120E030E00B76768650D930E6D686865DFA40D1F9B110E031000746868650D930E2A69686576A60D1FA20F0E030E00316968650D930EE6696865CEA40D1F8B100E031000ED696865	DZMOPGNoZfyhDR99Fg4DDABDY2hlDZMO+WNoZaulDR+OCQ4DFQAAZGhlDZMOumRoZTajDR8NFA4DEwDCZGhlDZMOeGVoZWGlDR/gFA4DFgCBZWhlDZMON2ZoZcOkDR/1Eg4DEQA/ZmhlDZMO9GZoZZmjDR+BEg4DEQD8ZmhlDZMOsWdoZd+jDR/MEg4DDgC3Z2hlDZMObWhoZd+kDR+bEQ4DEAB0aGhlDZMOKmloZXamDR+iDw4DDgAxaWhlDZMO5mloZc6kDR+LEA4DEADtaWhl	10 records of port 13: "1": {"data": {"fix_timestamp": 1701339964, "latitude": 52.0987132, "longitude": 5.1254909, "h_acc_est": 12}, "fPort": 13, "timestamp": 1701339971} ... "10": {"data": {"fix_timestamp": 1701341670, "latitude": 52.0987854, "longitude": 5.1253387, "h_acc_est": 16}, "fPort": 13, "timestamp": 1701341677} (TTN decoder names the port key port)

6.2 Uplink examples from firmware documentation

• CMDQ, one detection (app/src/bt_module/bt_cmdq/README.md, BLE framing with port byte): 0F FC 0D 58F3CD65000000000006BC0FF0; payload 58F3CD65 timestamp 1707995992, important data 000000000006BC0FF0 gives rr_median 0, rr_median_modesum 0, activity_average 0, activity_max 0, active_min_in_last_hour 0, raw_temp 1724, h_impedance 4080. Two detections: 0F FC 1a 58F3CD65000000000006BC0FF070F4CD65000000000006BC0FF0. Empty: 0F FC 00.
• Flash status format (app/src/flash/README.md): 94 05 <pct> <n_msg u32>.
• GNSS NAV payloads used with the LoRa Cloud solver (scripts/update_almanac/cmd_nav_locator.py): 010106D9430816a202a82aeb61df9b2d5031d5367d072aa05209c0c7ae7651d5b8e7203c09a3caba8ea4bf8c8c16558652c17787636a776c44f9294cd5a54356ff4900 and 01763C430816622AA915764B45040B541B0C08CE182A0D0AB042849AFAD0B862C501721516322C8908 (these are NAV messages as posted to https://mgs.loracloud.com/api/v3/solve/gnss, i.e. the bytes after the port 1 header).

6.3 Downlink examples (wiki settings-and-commands page unless stated)

Settings (FPort 3):

Purpose	Hex	Base64
lr_adr DR0 (EU868 SF12)	0E 01 00	DgEA
lr_adr DR1	0E 01 01	DgEB
lr_adr DR2	0E 01 02	DgEC
lr_adr DR3	0E 01 03	DgED
lr_adr DR4	0E 01 04	DgEE
lr_adr DR5 (EU868 SF7)	0E 01 05	DgEF
status interval 1 min	03 04 3C 00 00 00	AwQ8AAAA
status interval 15 min	03 04 84 03 00 00	AwSEAwAA
status interval 30 min	03 04 08 07 00 00	AwQIBwAA
status interval 60 min	03 04 10 0E 00 00	AwQQDgAA
u-blox interval 1 = 15 min	02 04 84 03 00 00	AgSEAwAA
u-blox interval 1 = 60 min	02 04 10 0E 00 00	AgQQDgAA
u-blox interval 1 = 2 h	02 04 20 1C 00 00 (wiki hex has a typo 10 1c; base64 is correct)	AgQgHAAA
u-blox interval 1 = 12 h	02 04 C0 A8 00 00	AgTAqAAA
u-blox interval 2 = 15 min	26 04 84 03 00 00	JgSEAwAA
u-blox interval 1 off	02 04 00 00 00 00	AgQAAAAA
cold fix timeout 200 s	16 02 C8 00	FgLIAA==
cold fix retries 20	14 01 14	FAEU
hot fix timeout 45 s	17 02 2D 00	FwItAA==
hot fix retries 4	15 01 04	FQEE
backoff factor 1.4 (wiki says 1.5)	25 01 0E	JQEO
interval 1 start 11 h UTC	27 01 0B	JwEL
enable two u-blox intervals	29 01 01	KQEB
horizontal accuracy 50 m	13 04 32 00 00 00	EwQyAAAA
horizontal accuracy 25 m	13 04 19 00 00 00	EwQZAAAA
lr_send_flag default (old) 0xFC00066F	0C 04 6F 06 00 FC
lr_send_flag without port 10 (0xFC00046F)	0C 04 6F 04 00 FC
lr_send_flag without port 11 (0xFC00026F)	0C 04 6F 02 00 FC
flash_store_flag default (old) 0x0400066F	0D 04 6F 06 00 04
ADR profile network controlled (KPN/Actility)	57 01 00	VwEA
enable fence (firmware fence README)	3F 01 01
debug u-blox satellite data on / off (GPS README)	0A 01 01 / 0A 01 00
VHF frequency 150000 kHz (wiki features)	6A 04 F0 49 02 00
S-band send interval 300 s over BLE (wiki features, decimal with port)	3 32 4 44 1 0 0
LP0 send flag for ports 3, 8, 21 (lp0 README)	value 1048708 = 88 04 84 00 10 00

Commands (FPort 32):

Purpose	Hex	Base64
reset device	A1 00	oQA=
reset u-blox	A6 00	pgA=
reset LR1110	B9 00	uQA=
u-blox fix now	B8 00	uAA=
last known position (reply 0xFE on FPort 31)	A5 00	pQA=
all flash records port 2 / 4 / 13 / 15	BB 01 02 / BB 01 04 / BB 01 0D / BB 01 0F	uwEC / uwEE / uwEN / uwEP
last 100 port 2 records	BC 0C 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 64 00 00 00	vAwCAAAAAAAAAGQAAAA=
last 1000 port 13 records	BC 0C 0D 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 E8 03 00 00 (wiki hex shows 03 E8, big-endian typo; base64 vAwNAAAAAAAAAAPoAAA= also encodes 03 E8, so as published it requests 59395 records; correct little-endian is E8 03)
last 1500 port 13 records	wiki BC 0C 0D 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 05 DC 00 00 (same byte order caveat; correct DC 05)	vAwNAAAAAAAAAAXcAAA=
last 2000 port 13 records	wiki BC 0C 0D 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 07 D0 00 00 (correct D0 07)	vAwNAAAAAAAAAAfQAAA=
last 100 / 1000 port 11 records	BC 0C 0B 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 64 00 00 00 / wiki ... 03 E8 00 00	vAwLAAAAAAAAAGQAAAA= / vAwLAAAAAAAAAAPoAAA=
last 100 / 1000 port 15 records	BC 0C 0F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 64 00 00 00 / wiki ... 03 E8 00 00	vAwPAAAAAAAAAGQAAAA= / vAwPAAAAAAAAAAPoAAA=
clear flash	BA 00	ugA=
all settings	A7 00	pwA=
single setting, e.g. lr_gps_interval	A8 01 01	qAEB
single setting ublox_send_interval	A8 01 02
hibernation (wiki features)	C3 00	wwA=
S-band single send (wiki, BLE decimal)	32 189 0
CollarEdge drop-off (wiki)	CD 00

RockBLOCK mobile terminated (wiki satellite page, port byte in front): 03 02 04 08 07 00 00 (GPS interval 1800 s), 03 04 04 10 0E 00 00 (satellite interval 3600 s).

6.4 Raw log files and LoRaWAN capture formats

• BLE web app raw logs (raw_logs-<type>-<device>_<time>.txt): one base64 line per BLE notification frame, [port][msg_id][len][data]; flash downloads produce [0x1D][records] lines. raw_logs_decoder splits lines, decodes base64, uses byte 0 as port and passes the remainder to Decoder.
• LP0 replay/platform tools consume Semtech UDP JSONL: {"gatewayEui": "0102030405060708", "rxpk": {"time": ..., "data": "<base64 PHYPayload>"}}; the PHYPayload must be decrypted with ABP session keys before the application decoder runs (test vectors in make_test_log.py use DevAddr 26011BDA, NwkSKey 000102030405060708090A0B0C0D0E0F, AppSKey F0E0D0C0B0A090807060504030201000, payload 0102030405060708 on FPort 1).

7. Firmware and decoder version conventions

7.1 Firmware

• Semantic versions MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH, CHANGELOG in Keep a Changelog format. Public history: 2.3.0 (2022-05-17) to 2.15.0 (2023-02-15), 4.0.0 (2023-03-31, NCS 2.2 port) to 4.4.3 (2023-11-15), 5.0.0/5.0.1 (2024-03, a non functional migration image required between 4.x and 6.x to update internal drivers), 6.1.0 (2024-02-07) to 6.16.3 (2025-09-23), 7.1.0 (2026-02-10), 7.2.0 (2026-03-05), 7.3.0 (2026-04-09). The wiki firmware page (fetched 2026-09-03) still lists 6.15.1 as latest stable and 7.2.0 as beta.
• Release artifacts are built per hardware board and revision group with east release; file names look like rhinoedge_tracker-app-rhinoedge_nrf52840-hv1.3.0-v2.3.0.hex (<tracker type>-<image>-<board>-hv<hw version>-v<fw version>[-dbg|-prov|-log]). Four build types: production, debug (-dbg), log (-log, RTT logging), provisioning (-prov). Since 6.8.x the release also renames settings.json and ttn_decoder.js to include the release version (CHANGELOG 6.8.0/6.8.1), which is where ttn_decoder-v6.15.1.js style names come from.
• On the air the firmware version is only visible as major.minor nibbles in status byte 12 (patch not transmitted; minor wraps at 16). Hardware version is in byte 11 as major.minor nibbles; the revision groups the firmware distinguishes are collaredge 1.0.0/1.1.0/1.4.0/1.5.0, freeedge 1.0.0/1.3.0/1.6.0, rangeredge 1.4.0/1.6.0/1.7.0/1.8.0 (1.8.0 covers boards 1.8.0 to 1.13.0), rhinoedge 1.4.0, rhinopuck 1.3.0, rhinopuck35 1.2.0.
• Settings are defined once in scripts/settings/settings.json and turned into C headers by scripts/settings/py2h.py; the same JSON is what the BLE app and connect-web read (settings_template_<fw>.json, settings-v<fw>.json). The ports, messages, commands, values and settings clusters of that file are the protocol definition.

7.2 Hardware and firmware (tracker) type codes (status byte 13)

Hardware type (low nibble): 1 rhinoedge_nrf52840, 2 elephantedge_nrf52840 (obsolete), 3 wisentedge_nrf52840 (obsolete), 4 cattracker_nrf52840 (obsolete), 5 rangeredge_nrf52840, 6 rhinopuck_nrf52840 (Puck50), 7 rhinopuck35_nrf52840, 8 collaredge_nrf52840, 9 freeedge_nrf52840.

Firmware / tracker type (high nibble, setting tracker_type 0x00, 0 = hardware default): 0 default, 1 rhinoedge, 2 elephantedge, 3 wisentedge, 4 cattracker, 5 rangeredge, 6 rhinopuck, 7 scanneredge, 8 collaredge, 9 freeedge, 10 fenceedge, 11 horseedge, 12 collaredgepico, 13 collaredgenano, 14 baboonedge, 15 pangolinedge. Valid combinations: rhinoedge hardware may run 1, 11, 14, 15, 12, 13; rangeredge hardware 5, 10, 7, 2, 3; rhinopuck and rhinopuck35 6; collaredge 8; freeedge 9.

7.3 Decoders

• The canonical decoder is scripts/ttn_decoder.js in the firmware repository ("Effort should be made that decoder on TTN is up to date with the one in scripts folder"). A copy is released with each firmware as ttn_decoder-v<fw version>.js. Copies in other repositories carry the firmware version they were taken from, not their own version: raw_logs_decoder (v6.11.2, v6.14.0, v6.15.1, v7.2.0), lp0 tools (v6.15.3), toolset (CSv4_Decoder_OpenCollar_Edge_v4.4.3/6.1.2/6.5.0.js, ChirpStack v4 flavour). Files with different version names can be byte identical (6.11.2 = 6.14.0, 6.15.1 = 6.15.3, 7.2.0 = firmware 7.3.0 script).
• raw_logs_decoder has its own app version (version.txt, v1.43 at commit 9b10e02) bumped by a GitHub workflow on every push; it is unrelated to decoder versions.
• Decoder changes tied to firmware releases (from CHANGELOG): 4.4.0 flash status and short u-blox message; 6.1.0 CMDQ (13 byte records); 6.2.0 CMDQ cmdq_success, gps resend port 16; 6.9.0 CMDQ HRV (15 byte records), cmd_send_timestamp/port 18; 6.13.0 unsigned >>> 0 fix and fix_timestamp fix, external switch ports 19/20; 7.1.0 RF scan and open sky removed; 7.2.0 (decoder) air quality port 21 and version string.

7.1 Firmware 8 and the settings structure

Tim (2026-09-16): OpenCollar Edge firmware v8 and later changes the settings structure in an important way. The tables of section 4 and catalog.json describe firmware 7.3.0; the catalogue's since_firmware per setting and versions list are the place a version-dependent catalogue grows from, keyed by the firmware the device reports in its status. The change is to be addressed when the release and the information to understand it are available; Tim guides that work.

8. What could not be found, and whom to ask

1. IRNAS GitBook "OpenCollar" (https://github.com/IRNAS/gitbook-opencollar, https://app.gitbook.com/@irnas/s/opencollar/technology/firmware) is private (404/401). The firmware README calls it "the main documentation". Ask Smart Parks or IRNAS for read access or an export; it most likely contains the formal message and settings guidelines the wiki paraphrases.
2. The upstream firmware repository IRNAS/smartparks-opencollar-edge-fw (private) holds the release assets (ttn_decoder-v*.js, settings-v*.json, DFU zips) and GitHub issue #389 that defines the CMDQ "important data" bytes. The public mirror has no releases and no tags. Ask for the release asset bundle per firmware version, or at least the decoder and settings.json for 6.1.x through 6.16.x.
3. smartparks-connect-app (mobile app) and smartparks-provisioning-software are private; they are the reference for BLE framing and for downlink composition in the field.
4. No Node-RED flows or EarthRanger integration flows are public except scripts/ublox_lr1110_comparison.flow (InfluxDB comparison of LR1110 and u-blox data) and the empty node-red-contrib-earthranger/node-red-contrib-chirpstack packages. Ask for the production ChirpStack to EarthRanger flow if the target is EarthRanger.
5. lorawan-device-profiles contains no OpenCollar profile and lorawan-devices only the 2021 first generation entry (ABP). There is no published TTN/ChirpStack device profile for Edge devices; assume LoRaWAN 1.0.x class A OTAA and confirm regional parameters with the maintainer.
6. lr_region numeric mapping (1 to 13) is not documented; only "1 = EU868" and the ordered plan list on the wiki are known.
7. Exact behaviour of cmd_send_all_settings over LoRaWAN (does it send more than one FPort 3 uplink) and the 0xF0 timestamped messaging variant are not documented.
8. The LR11xx NAV payload (FPort 1) needs Semtech LoRa Cloud (or a compatible solver) to become a position; the solver contract is outside these repositories.
9. Accelerometer FIFO/motion summary uplink: not implemented in public firmware; the opencollar-acc-calculator layout is a design study. Ask whether a motion summary port is planned before reserving one.
10. Air quality message length semantics (whether len includes the header) should be confirmed against air_quality.c in a release that ships the AirQ build; the decoder thresholds are documented in 3.16.
11. Two decoder versus firmware discrepancies should be confirmed with IRNAS: FPort 2 course over ground byte order (firmware writes little-endian, decoder reads big-endian) and FPort 31 msg 0xFE longitude/latitude order (firmware writes longitude first, decoder reads latitude first).
12. The wiki flash read examples encode the count big-endian (03 E8); the firmware reads little-endian. Worth reporting so the wiki is corrected.